UK Mobile Phone Segment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

UK Mobile Phone Segment - Coursework Example This essay discusses that the shifts in the segment have been heavily influence and impacted by the development and popularity of smart phones that have changed the dynamics of the mobile phone segment from a portable communications alternative from landlines, to one that includes a social (text messaging, social networking), bill pay and organisational devices with exceptional on the go email connectivity, multifunctional medium whereby smart phones resemble miniature computers in terms of capabilities. The nuisances of the industry that are noteworthy is that in 2010 mobile phone connections, meaning calls made, increased with smart phones, SMS messaging and tablet SIM cards contributing 80 percent to that growth. The near saturation of the market in terms of mobile phone placements means that price and package bundling competition has heated up as the means to retain, and gain new subscribers. In equating the industry sector a PEST Analysis provides insight regarding the environme nt mobile telecom companies in the UK operate under. It aids in understanding the relevant trends by looking at the Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. Under a PEST Analysis, a scan of the overall general industry environment from a long-term perspective aids in understanding broad based trends. In ascertaining the overall Political climate with regard to regulations in the United Kingdom as represented by the mobile telecom sector, the arena has been stabile. ... mobile messaging as a result of smart phones and the trending toward a younger subscriber profile represented key factors in the revenue changes and changing face of the UK mobile telecom sector. Figure 4 – Mobile Messaging Volumes (Ofcom, 2011, p. 282) Â   As indicated, the growth in popularity of smart phones was responsible for the above: Â   Figure 5 – UK Smart Phone Sales (Ofcom, 2008, p. 210) Â   The shift from landlines to mobile services took off in 1998 as shown by the following: Â   Figure 6 – UK Telecom Industry Retail Revenue (Ofcom, 2008, p. 198) Â   As a result of heightened competition, mobile telecom service cost to subscribers has converged to the point where the cost is comparable to fixed line costs: Â   Figure 7 – Comparison of Average Fixed and Mobile Voice Call Services (Ofcom, 2011, p. 302) Â   The preceding figures reinforce the point that the industry has become price sensitive, thus explaining the rationale behind the merge r that created Everything Everywhere. Â   Market Structure In equating the industry sector a PEST Analysis provides insight regarding the environment mobile telecom companies in the UK operate under. It aids in understanding the relevant trends by looking at the Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors (marketingteacher.com, 2009). Under a PEST Analysis, a scan of the overall general industry environment from a long-term perspective aids in understanding broad based trends (netMBA, 2009). In ascertaining the overall Political climate with regard to regulations in the United Kingdom as represented by the mobile telecom sector, the arena has been stabile. The actions of consumer groups have raised issues represented by the method of calculating call termination procedures they state are overcharging consumers

Causes of the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Causes of the French Revolution Essay The French Revolution of 1789 consisted of many aspects which led to the movement. Both long-term and immediate causes bequeathed to its triumph. The Enlightenment bestowed a new concept of government and society. America also influenced the nation’s controversial revolt. Many actions contributed to the French Revolution of 1789; according to an excerpt from Travels in France by Arthur Young. (Document 1) Observations made by this traveler from the years 1787 to 1789 encompass the immense taxing on those who were not nobles, the increased price of bread; making the peoples’ purchase of the resource inevitable and the insane prices of feudal dues. According to Document 2, a diagram of the three estates in 1789, the relationship between the percentage of the population in each estate and the percentage of the land owned showed that the larger the population the more the land owned on the estate; primarily focused toward the third estate. Inequitable circumstances subsisted in pre-revolutionary France, entailing the third estate facing much more of the taxes and fees than the other estates. In Document 3, excerpts from the cahiers listed the following demands made by the third estate in the French government: reform of abuse and tyranny, equal taxation amongst all classes, taxes granted for a limited period, and votes taken per person within assembly. Another cause of the French Revolution of 1789 as expressed by Lord Acton was due to the American influence. He suggested that the ideas of philosophers were not the cause of the epidemic, but that it was the contemplation provided by the Declaration of Independence. (Document 5) The following actions contributed to the success of the French movement. Each cause led to the uproar of the third estate that caused them to revolt. The documents mentioned above are verification of the involved causes. The causes led to an ambitious fight for rights resulted in what we know as the French Revolution of 1789.

Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

Insomnia How many times during the night do we toss and turn, check the clock, and find it ticking away and tell ourselves, "If I could fall asleep right now I would get at least five hours of sleep"? But, sleep doesn't come so we continue to toss and turn. This happens to many people and may suffer from a disorder known as insomnia. People who suffer from this disorder have many complaints, and many have similar symptoms. Symptoms can vary from stress to pain to always feeling tired. Insomnia is a very difficult disease to have to live with. It is hard for both those that suffer from it and their family members. According to Linde and Savaley's, The Sleep Book, (1974), "the person who has trouble sleeping is not alone" (p. 9). They also claim, "An estimated thirty million people suffer from chronic insomnia" (p.9). Many non-insomniacs have occasional periods when they wonder if they'd make it through a sleepless night. Many insomniacs can't fall asleep because of pain and discomfort. Those that can fall asleep but can't stay asleep might be caused from depression, or too many things to worry about. In Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978) some causes of insomnia (p. 113). He states that pain and discomfort do indeed play an important part in the difficulty remaining asleep. For those having difficulty remaining asleep might be because of depression or having too much to worry about. In Linde and Savary's, The Sleep Book (1974), Dr. Dale C. Friend claims, "insomnia can be classified by four causes: tension, fatigue, discomfort, and in and out insomnia" (p. 100). Tension insomnia occurs mostly in executives or people who worry about their businesses. Tension builds up inside during the day and is still inside at bedtime, it won't come out, so they tend to worry and are not able to go tot sleep. Fatigue insomnia happens when people who get tired during the day and then they take a nap in the early afternoon and as a result they cannot go to sleep at bedtime. People suffering from discomfort insomnia often complain of stomach upsets, such as ulcers, toothaches, or arthritis. This causes them to wake up during the night, which gives them discomfort. In and out insomnia occurs when patients feel that they didn't sleep at all during the night when they really did, but only stayed in the first stages of light sleep ... ... our minds and ourselves. We need to exercise right, at appropriate times, sleep at the right time and never get ourselves so stressed out that we can't sleep at night. Insomnia can affect a person really fast and it's hard to get rid of this disorder without a lot of effort. If we follow the advice given here, we will have an easier life. References Eddy, M.; & Walbroehl, G. (1999) Practical therapeutics : insomnia. American Academy of Family Physicians [Online] Expanded Academic Index. Available www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com Hartmann, E. (1978). The sleeping pill. New Haven and London: Yale university press Linde, S.; & Savary, L. (1974) The sleep book New York NY: Harper and Row Mendelson, W.B. (1977). Human sleep and it's disorders New York NY: Plenum Press President and Fellows of Harvard College (1998, Dec. 1). Insomnia: Get a good nights sleep. Harvard health letter [Online] Expanded Academic Index Available.www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com Roberts, S. (1999, April 1) Ten tips for better sleep. American family physicians p.1911(1). [Online] Expanded Academic Index. Available. www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com

Drug Pricing and Competition Issues in India Through Dpco and Cdcso Activites

Introduction Drug pricing is a complex phenomena. Different countries have different methodologies of pricing such as Germany has reference based pring. Canada has system of fixing pricing of patented drugs. India fix the prices of prescription drugs on the basis of cost of the drug. Cost is the main phemomena iin the pricing policies of the drugs. Pricing is important aspect of competition law also. But competition commission is not a price control agency. However price based anti-competitive practices are important area in competition law. DRUG REGULATORY REGIME IN INDIA Indian drug regulatory regime is devided in two branches.Drug standards and marketing is dealt by CDCSO and drug pricing is controlled by NPPA. The CDSCO prescribes standards and measures for ensuring the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs, cosmetics, diagnostics and devices in the country; regulates the market authorization of new drugs and clinical trials standards; supervises drug imports and approves licence s to manufacture the drugs. The process for drug approval entails the coordination of different departments, in addition to the DCGI, depending on whether the application in question is for a biological drug or one based on recombinant DNA technology.The issues relating to patent are dealt by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI), who heads the Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO), assumes responsibility for the amendments to the Acts and Rules. Other major related Acts and Rules include the Pharmacy Act of 1948, The Drugs and Magic Remedies Act of 1954 and Drug Prices Control Order (DPCO) 1995 and various other policies instituted by the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals. PRICING REGULATION IN INDIA The drug prices are regulated under Essential Commodities Act 1955.It is administered by Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. The prices of drugs are fixed under the Section 3 of Essential Commodities Act 1955. National list of essential medicines is prepared under this Act. The prices are controlled according to Drug Price Order 1995. It employs Cost Based formula of drug pricing. In India Drug manufacturing, standards and marketing is done under Drug and Cosmetics Act 1940. There are Drug and cosmetics rule 1945 to assist and provide procedure for the assisiting the Act. NPPA has been reguaslting the drug pricing since 1997.It fixes the prices of essential drugs. The list of essential medicines is updated at regular intervals. As mentioned earlier, pricing policy and industry regulation constitutes one of the key responsibilities of the NPPA. Price control on medicines was first introduced in India in 1962 and has subsequently persisted through the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO). As per the directive of NPPA, the criterion for price regulation is based on the nature of the drug in terms of whether it enjoys mass consumption and in terms o f whether there is lack of adequate competition for the drug.The year 1978 witnessed selective price controls based on disease burden and prevalence. The list of prices under DPCO subsequently witnessed a gradual decrease over a period of time. Around 80% of the market, with 342 drugs, was under price control in 1979. The number of drugs under DPCO decreased from 142 drugs in 1987 to 74 in 1995. Drugs with high sales and a market share of more than 50% are subjected to price regulation. These drugs are referred to as scheduled drugs. The NPPA also regulates the prices of bulk drugs. The MRP excise on medicines was levied by the Finance ministry in 2005.The objective was to increase revenue and lower prices of medicines by using fiscal deterrent on MRP. This change may have had some impact in terms of magnifying the advantage to industries located in the excise free zones. This also succeeded in attracting some small pharmaceutical firms to these zones. (Gehl Sampath 2008, Srivastava 2008). General objective and scope of price regulation in India the general objective of price regulation India is to regulate the equitable distribution and increasing supply of bulk drugs and formulations in india and making it available in india. Consequences of excessive pricingImpact of price regualation on indian drug pricing Coverage of drugs in India Prices of formulations based on scheduled bulk drugs are fixed in two ways: (i) based on applications of the manufacturers and (ii) on suo-motu basis. As per para 8 (2) of Drug (Prices Control) Order (DPCO), 1995, a manufacturer using scheduled bulk drug in his formulation is required to apply for fixation of price of formulation within 30 days of fixation of price of such bulk drug (s). Applications received in NPPA from manufacturers in Form III and importers in Form IV of DPCO are considered for price fixation.As per para 8(4), the time frame for granting price approval on formulation is 2 months from the date of receipt of the complete information from the company. 2. Pricing and Competition Issues 3. NPPA pricing methodology a. DPCO 1995 b. National Drug Pricing Policy 2002 c. National Drug Pricing Policy 2006 Director General (Investigation and Registration) Vs. Fulford India Ltd. Ishaan Labs (P) Ltd v Union of India Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs. Parke Davis India Ltd. And Ors. MANU/MR/0039/2003, I(2004)CPJ15(MRTP) Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs.Pfizer Ltd. MANU/MR/0008/1999 (2000)1complj405(MRTPC) Director-General (Investigation And Registration) Vs. Zandu Pharmaceutical Works Ltd. MANU/MR/0012/1994, [1994]81compcas377(NULL). Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Biddle Sawyer Ltd. On 11/7/2001 Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Infar (India) Limited On 24/8/1999 Director-General (I & R) Vs All India Organisation Of Chemists And Druggists And Ors. On 1/7/1996 Director-General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Indian Dr ugs Manufacturers Association And Anr.On 16/8/1991 Director-General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Indian Drugs Manufacturers Association And Anr. On 16/8/1991 1992 73 Compcas 663 NULL Mars Therapeutics & Chemicals Ltd. V. The Union Of India & Anr W. P. (C) 10277/2009 & Cm Appl 8853/2009 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited V. Union Of India Union Of India & Anr. Vs. Cynamide India Ltd. & Anr. 1987 Air 1802, 1987 Scr (2) 841 4. Canadian Patented Medicine Prices Review Board Legal Framework Policies Guidelines and Procedures Submissions by Patentees on Level of Therapeutic Improvement Comparable Dosage Forms Therapeutic Class Comparison TestReasonable Relationship Test Median International Price Comparison Test Highest International Price Comparison Test International Therapeutic Class Comparison Test Application of Price Tests for New Drug Products CPI-Adjustment Methodology DIP Methodology Criteria for Commencing an Investigation â€Å"Any Market† Price Reviews Offset of Excess Revenues Updates to the Compendium of Policies, Guidelines and Procedures ICN Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Canada (Patented Medicine Price Review Board) [1996] F. C. J. No. 1065 Shire Biochem Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General [2007] F. C. J. No. 1688 Conclusion

Upstream Teacher’s Book

:, . : l, I r. trrtr. r, tli ‘ i l 1 , :l t .:'1, i rl i l r i i l i l l i r i l . I -,) i i † i, i r i l i l. -L:VEil-iil'i-llUp,c'iireatrn Bl1+r:i Frnlotllii,sliar:-. el;olrdernl-ie-‘rlell t-tl,vel ectr::l'se1iol'letalrnerr: o,,i iiiileLEil(. ltir-sh l;†-. rllt,uu,U,:r â€Å"Bi†lieveri†Ã¢â‚¬ u'he a;iieii:l: seii'le-:s;,cpnnhnne. isE:rrt]jE,slr acii[†rriearl'lrilr'lg iavarit:tli o'f lffivef5l vyiiih p,'i:! ren'ted linernilced] uo6r,. ies lLnr unlits, [‘ir+v[jealiuil'er: † † n o o o o . , . ‘ rrar';et†y aultllerriiic li. hemc-lcels*el fl'*rrt a ‘†qrlde ul'li'cs, c'rl in {‘lve sol-,:r†ces, m*nluie:; ‘,lr:pies fi r,rariei: r:r†*ss.Anyway, we still had a great eveningand came away with the best impression. If you everget the chance to seeAlsou in concert, you should definitely go. Have you heard her new album? Wite soon and tell me what you think of it. Love, Alex (Para 3) what you liked and why tl l Introduction (Para 1) {ireetings. ‘t easons. fbr wuiliwg (Pan 2) singer/band you went to see (Pan 4) what you didn't like and why (Para 5) Conclusion recommendation b. Read letteragain. the WhatdidAlexlike/dislike aboutthe concert? Whatreasons/examples aregiven to support each viewpoint? (See Suggested Answers Section) 50 Replace underlined the adjectives adverbs the letterwith the following. and in oentertainingfabulous modern . . . wildly . complex heavenly upset. latest . . (See Suggested Answers Section) (1-4) Read extracts the belowthat review various events. in the missing Fill topic (A-D), sentences thensuggest othersuitable ones yourown. of (See Suggested Answers Section) -re opening nightof the Moscow State Circus in 3lasgow a huge was success. -he FarnboroughShow a bighitagain Air this was r'-cdf. 5 TherevieWpremiere that it was one of said the bestproductions the year. f 6 lt was sucha predictable/[email  protected] that shewasgivena standin g ovation 7 TomHanks received oraise hisrole/actor for in Forrest Gump. 8 The routinesand the positioning the of dancers stage are the responsibility a on of pher conductor/choreoq ra wassoimpressed the performance with I wentto cn Friday. have never to anything boring allmylife! in been so 6 Match items(1-5)to the nouns(a-e). famous frlm/television / live/studio/solo big/small/silver children's/fantasy / best-selling a b c d screen performance novel film ,it :roreographedIn my opinion, is definitely horror silent feature / / . lEId-l . ,,',t :ut – there was nevera dull moment. The :'ogramme was well-arranged and well_ i ro m ffi m . i e actor l I + 4 -he new exhibition had nothingto capturemy ‘nagination. I stronglydisagree with the critic ‘highly ,vho wrote, I originaland entertaining' . nink complete the opposite true! is lm[uaffi r#w$eMf$ -iie ringmaster an excellent had of sense humour :rd the crowd enjoyedthe spectacular show. In â€Å"ry opinion, the highl ight the whole evening of ,,,'as when the monkeys escaped the crowd! into n Backg round information ‘1989 Theexhibition/theatre openedin Thedance company/band formedin 2001 . earand takes The Air Show runseverysecond p l a c en . . i Descriptions Thesoundsystem was excellent. Thevenue hadgreatfacilities. The lyrics were greaVpredictable. Thelighting wassuperb/dreadful. Thecastwassuperb/amazing/very talented. General comments/opinion Don'tmiss itl It'swell worth seeing/going to. You really mustsee/go/listen it. to D r , W e . * ‘ e r , r i † ‘ : ‘ ‘ $ Underline correct the word. 1 Shakespearesometimes used plots/ programmes ancient plays from Greek Even though I don't usuallygo to see blockbusters/multiplex, I reallylovedMission lmpossible. Tolright, ballerinaSylvie Guillem will be appearing/peform! y the role of Clara in The Nutcracker. The success a playcomesdown to a good of script/lyric and a good director. Yourturn 7 ‘gn Using language t he above, writea letterto a you friendreviewing something attended (e. 9. recently art exhibition/the opening a of (100-120 newvenue a concert) or words). Use the ideas belowaswellasyourown. (See Suggested Answers Section) . name/time/olace of evento cost o whatyouliked it about . whatyoudidn't about like it . final thouohts recommendation and 51 All in a day's work Vocabulary Practice Jobs people for a living? Whatdo these do Lookat pictures underline correct the and the worc. dentify jobs from the descriptions what the of the peopledo. ptlar 1 Thisperson flies aerop,anes. yourcarto thisperson be repaired 2 Youtake to mechanic 3 This person takes care of sick animals veterinarian Thisperson works in an officetyping letters answering phone the andarranging meetings secretary This personwill help you investmoney i† companies. stockbroker Thisperson controls movements aircraft the of airtrafficcontroller This persondesigns pagesfor the Internet. web-designer 8 Youpaymoney thispe rson a shopor bank to in teller 9 Thispersonhelpschildren and families whc haveproblems. ocial worker 10 Thisperson giveyou the keyto your hote will room. deskclerk/receptionist Complete the exchanges with verbsfrom the list. o promote . apply o dismiss retire . resign o 1 A: So,areyou goingto apply the job? for B: No. I don'tthinkl'm suitably qualified it. for 1 doctor/ scientist 3 librarianteacher / 4 carpenterplumber / 2 A: lan is goingto resign. B: Really? Why? job. A: He'sfounda better-paid 3 A: lf this projectis successful, manager my will promote me. B : G o o dl u c k ! 4 A: l've stillgot sixyears aheadof me beforeI retrre. B : H a n g nt h e r e l i 5 A: I've heardthat the company will dismiss peoplenext month. everal B: Oh, no. Any ideawho? 4 Fill thecorrect in response thelist. from o . o . Somehodv thesack. nnt Let's it a day. call going, The wayshe's She's workinq been around clock. the 1 A: I can'tworkanymoretonight; very I'm tired. B: Soam l. Let's it a day. call 2 A: lt'smidnight and Ritaisstillat the office. rired. nals . TATq 7 Cross oddoneout asin the example. the 1 2 3 4 5 6 salary, wages,}kWpay gain, earn, win,ftd profession @*Frâ‚ ¬rc, job, career, under-paid, poorly @+-Fd-d, paid, overuyorked boring, repetitive Eeatr4[uninteresting, business, uDise*qf! , industry, companyB: What's going on? She'sbeen working around clock. the 3 A: Didyou hear what happened morning? this B: Letme guess. got Somebody the sack. 4 A: Didyou seewhat Katedid thismorning? B: Yes,I did. Theway she is goingshe'llget fired. Ings. )y In :raft. rnet. )ank. who lotel 5 Complete text with phrases the fromthe list. Youmayhave change formof the verbs. to the . workovertime beherownboss workfor . . . a successful . career workfromhome . beemployed setup . self-employed . Phrasalverbs 8 Fillin: go, corry, put,fall,look. 1 A: Can you please put me throughto Mrs Lucas? please.B: Justa minute, 2 A: I can't remember what time my meetingis IOmOrrow. B: Why don'tyou lookthro ugh yournotes? 3 A: Mike,if you carry this project throught'll promote you to headof the department. B: l'll do my best, sir. 4 A: Why are you so upset? Thingscan't be that bad at work. B: You say that becauseyou don't know what I haveto go throughevery day. 5 A: He'safraidthat his olansto start his own business fallthrough. will B: lt'snatural himto feelthiswav. for he n ) rr it. Sheila has 1)a successful career with a large ocsmetics company where she 2) has been miinloyedas a senior marketingmanagerfor the threeyears. es,t Although she is quitesatisfied with iltner she sometimes feels that her work is not 1ob, mtroreciated, especiallywhen she has to 3) work ur*'srtirne. is now thinkingof 4) setting up her She mmnr business that she can 5) be her own boss. so Sl'reilila thinksthat she would be happier6) working vt:ri'rhome,even though she accepts that people lt[ldr-rto 7) self-employed are less secure than are tltqrse who 8) work for a largecompany. 6 Choose bestwordto complete jo b the the adverts. ‘il[@ havea 1) vacancv/space a young, for dynamic lager nnd hard-working studenVgraduate lead our 2) to pawing sales forcein the London you area. eader As ,ffi,ril responsible 3) team/group he for development and 4,|educationtraining and you will 5) reply/repo[ ffrrectly thecompany to Sales Director. Do youwilling work6) changes/shifts? youenjoy to lFe 7) happiness/satisfaction challenging of solving problems/questions Sl without9)control/Supervi5ion] are you 10) oractical/handy? you have a Do ‘yes' 11) licence? youcananswer to lf deanltiOy driver's questions, we would to hear fromyou. tr:ese like then Nord Formation 9 Complete sentences thecorrect the with word derived thewords bold. from in 1 Thepolitician gavea verydistorted version of even$.DISTORT 2 He admittedthat the government had made someveryregrettable mistakes. REGRET 3 The prime minister promisedto be more to responsive complaints the future. in RESPOND She thanked her husbandfor his cari ng supportat a verydifficult time. CARE The ministerresignedbecausehis position was no longer defendable DEFEND rtt{,ttfh 300storesnotionwideBookWorldis now over fnrnly estoblished the No,l bookshop the UK, os in lf idou ore 12)sfimuloled/molivoled, commified, trS) ombitious/rulhless enjoysucceeding on ond in exciting fost-poced work 14)locotion/environmenl, we wont youl No previous15) skill/expeliengE rcquired,WE WANT YOU 53 Grammar Use in Conditionals Replace with r,vhen if where possible. 1 .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. lf thisdoesn't work. he'llbe in trouble. 2 when lf he is in a bad mood. it is betterto stayaway 3 .. . †¦.. lf you don't havetime today, you can finishthe reporttomorrow. 4 when lf l'm tired. I can'tconcentrate all. at 5 when lf Jason for asks a raise, he'llget it for sure A: What'swrong? B: l'm runninglate. lf I don't get (noVget) thereon time, the meetingwill start (start) withoutme. A: Why aretheseflowers Jane's on desk? B: lt's her birthday. (remember), A: Oh no. lf I remembered (buy) her a present, I would havebought too.A: Thisis a beautiful neighbourhood. (find)a flat for rent here, B: I agree. I find lf I will move(move)in right away. A: Why is Peterso stressed out? B: He has a meeting with the marketing manager. Wheneverthey meet (meet), theyend (end)up having argument. an 7 A: Unless Liamshows(show)up in the next fiveminutes, Johnson firing(fire)him. Mr is B: Oh, no. ls he lateagain? 8 A : Youhaven't saida word all morning. B : l'm verybusywith this report. You know,I would finish(finish)it fasterif you hel (help)me. A: No oroblem. 2 Match the phrases to phrases to make 1-8 a-h full sentences. m m m m m H Etr lf Johnhadgot up ten minuteslater, asses French Unless Yvonne her exams, job, lf Paul found a better-paid lf Mr Black calls, Unless Katefinishes letters 5 pm, the by lf you seeFrank, lf Bobhadn'tbeenso nervous, lf Jane's colleagues were morefriendly, Etr a she'llhaveto do someovertime b he would havedonebetterat the interview. c han s out tosether outside the };:†-r,O d he would resign the spot. on e he would havemissed bus. the f askhim aboutanyvacancies the company. in I shewon't get into university. h tell him I'm out for lunch. Wishes 4 Read what the mansays make and sentences asin the example. 1 | don't havetime to meetJacktoday.I wishllfonlyI had timeta meet JGCktad6y. 2 | can'ttake anydaysoff work thisweek. I wish/lfonly I could take some days off thisweek. 3 | lostmy passport. I wish/lf onlyI hadn'tlostmy passport. I didn't followyouradvice. I wish/lf onlv I had followed your advice. l'm very stressed out. I don't know how to relax I wish/lfonly I knew how to relax. am so stressed I out. I didn't know Marywasin town. I wish/lfonlyI had knownthat Marywas in town. 3 Puttheverbs brackets the correct in into tense to complete exchanges. the 1 A : Do youthinkI should apply thisjob? for (be) you, I would apply (apply) B : lf I were right away. A : Congratulations your promotion. on you! lf I get (get) t he job, I won't B : Thank (leave) company. leave the 54 7 | don't haveanyfriends. I wish/lfonly I hadsomefriends 8 | ate too much. I feelsick. I wish/lf onlyI hadn'teatentoo much. 4 She is going to write a coverletter. Shecan sendit with her CV. (to) She is going to write a coverletter to send with her CV. job. Shewants Shewantsto find a morning to. have moretimeto spend with herchildren. (in order to) job in orderto Shewantsto find a morning spend moretime with herchildren. Shehasboughta new suit. Shewantsto make a good impression interviews. s to) (so at Sheboughta new suitso as to makea good impression interviews. at Readthe letter and completethe exchanges using verbs their the in correct tense. N, I )ed )eor Steve, i'm sorrgobouttheotherdag. I wishl 1) hadbeen fre) here seegou. f ontggou2) totd(telDme to :tot UouwerecomLng earlier, 3) woutdhave | :langed (change) schedutel mg Thereason whg I wasn'thereis becouse decided I :i go to a conJerence. lt washeldin the most ;:nozingplo celI wishyou4 hadseen (see)it! | ion't meon thot it wasexcetlent because inJoctit was oppositel the Nothing seemed workproperLg to ;nd thespeokers wereterribLe. ishI 5) never I teord (heor)oJthe event. lt wosa comptete wasteof rnteondmoneg. Angwag,6) witttelt(tetD | gouotl sboutit the nexttlmeI7) see(see) gou. Which reminds when gouthinkgouwittbe me, do L,n town agoLn? l 8) were(be) you,l 9) wouldwrlte IJ (write)a date[n gourdiary now. If gou10) sent kend) methe inJormotion email. , I promise bg then I (bd here, not running to sittg 1l) woutdbe ond olf conJerences! A[tthe best, -nrls Sentence transformations 7 Complete second the sentence that it so means same the first. Useno morethan the as threewords. Celiais upsetbecause didn't get the job she at the advertising agency.Celia wishesshe had got the job at the advertising agency. She is savingmoney because she wants to attenda seminar. Sheissaving moneyso asto attenda seminar. lf she doesn't attendthis seminatshewon't be considered the job. for She won't be considered the job if she for doesnot attendthis seminar. Shecan't moveout because can't afford she to payrent. lf she could afford to pay rent, she would moveout. She didn't take her brother'sadviceso she didn'tfinda job in London. lf she had taken her brother'sadvice,she would have found a iob in London. Clauses purpose of 5Join pairs sentences thewords the of using in brackets, in theexample. as 1 Faye wantsto find anotherjob. Shewantsto (in havea biggersalary. order to) Fayewantsra find anather in arderta hsvea jab bigger sulary. Shearranged seeher manager. wanted to She to askfor a pay increase. (with a view to) Shearranged seeher manager to with a view to asking a payincrease. for Sheis updating CV. Shecan useit to apply her for a new job. (so that) Sheis updating CV so that shecan useit her to applyfor a new job Reading (1-4) all looking newjobs. Read a. Thepeople are for theirdescriptions underline keywords. nd the Michael has had severalwell paid jobs. Now, he wouldliketo use his psychology degreein a job that he people's can improve lives. Geoff has always liked making things to entertainhis children. Sincelosinghis job as a. teacher he has been lookingfor a way to turn his hobbyinto a career. Susan first noticedher flair for writingwhen she won a creative writing competition at school. However, career a poetis not her as going verywellandshe must a find newjobto paythe bills. Brookeis currently workingin an publishing office for a company, but she dreamsof a lessordinary life.She wants to explore new places and help protect the environment. (A-F) b. Read job advertisements anddecide the whichjob wouldbe the mostsuitable each person. for There two you don'tneed. are ^ – -: † @ rTour Guide – ExploreAlaskaLtd A lifeof adventure you awaits inAlaska. Explore Alaska is Ltd looking guides leadsmallgroups tourists for to of through the Alaskan wilderness to oromote and conservation the in area. No previous expe rience requiredas on-the-job is training be provided. will Applyin writing William to Seward, Explore AlaskaLtd, 3 Primrose Ketchikan, St, Alaska, AK 99950-3365.CardsWriter – Comic CardsLtd Can you say it with style? Comic Cards Ltd wants writers with wild and witty imaginations. Salaries are good for those who can come up with catchy lines and lots of laughs. Email John Keats at www. comiccards. co. uk. j G—Cu. egiver – Spring Lake Retreat Do you have the qualitiesto help people with mental illness lead rich and rewarding lives? Spring Lake Retreathas an excellent success rate in dealingwith mental illnessand we are lookingfor caregivers who can approachthose in need with respect. For further information Florence 01484627 895. call on ookingfor a trainedanimalpsychologist work with our to collectionof wild and exotic animals. ldeal candidates should have a degree in veterinary medicine and a backgroundin psychology. Applicationforms are available from HumanReso urces Dept,Dunstable Zoo, Bedfordshire, Toy Designer- Lullaby Toys Plc Film Extra – Talent Inc Wantto be in the movies? TalentInc is lookingfor peopleto takepafi in a Hollywood that is beingshot herein London. film The work requiresa great deal of waiting around. Although therecan be no guarantee you will appearin the finalfilm, that you may see yourself ne)d to a major star.For more information, callSandy on01292364 807. Want to bring a littlemagic into young lives? Lullaby Toys Plc is lookingfor an imaginative designer toy to expand our range of educationaltoys for children under7 yearsof age. The idealcandidateshouldhave experience toy designand a passion education. in for Tel. Jov Fischer 02646738 991. on (See Suggested Answers Section) ^l 4l E th to )y to )n /e n. Writing (a letter of appliration) Getting started 1 Read rubric underline key the and the words. Then,answerthe questions that follow. You have come acrossthe following job ad ;; g in the localnewspaper and you want to rpply for the job.Write your letter of ff † application. ‘*†Ã¢â‚¬ - â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬ - –‘ ii'l . b candrivea car @ takena coursein photography ,,. ,s1, @ good organiser e speak English German and f workedasa photographer for the school newspaper workedasa shopassistant *r,i:l;lZi2i and @ energetic sociable Let's look closer 2 Read application letters & B andwritethe A paragraph number nextto the headings the in listbelow. . . . o . opentng remarks/reason(s)for 41 writing closing remarks 45 age/qualifications/experienceA2 otherinformation A4 personal qualities ffi B1 85 82 84 83 fi il I Do you wantto get out and seethe world? ou Are interested photography? in lf yes,thenyou couldworkon a cruise ship! Weare looking a photographer for who'salways around to takememorable photos ourpassengers wellas of as developand sell the pictures. equipmentis All provided thecruise by line. lf interested, contact Elliot 089g-7g6756 via Mr on or , email at _. andwe willarrange a job interview. Portfolio necessary. DearManager, E What kind of letter do you haveto write? a letterof application 2 Who is goingto readyour letter? Mr Elliot 3 Should stylebe formalor informal? the formal 4 Tick( /) in the list of pointsbelowwhat yor. shouldinclude your letter: in . . . . . . yourfavourite subjects school at yourqualifications anyprevious experience a description yourappearance of your personal qualities yourplans the summer for What do you think the successful candidate should like? be a artistic @ friendly c canng In: a modelling @ adventurous @ sociable f sporty 6 Forthis job someone would needexperience to the W Hil l'vedecided dropyoua lineabout job you advertised thisweek's in online edition Ny of Magazine Teens. for student l,mquite and gooo at fu t ana 2O-year-old takingpictures.Two yearsago I took a one-yearcoursein photography and l,ve workeo as a photographer ourcollege for newspaper. worked l,ve part-time a shop as assistant a pho tostudio, I at too. wantto study photographyUEL some l,m at and day sure l'll work as a professional photographer for National Geographic. English German My and aren't badeither. p t haven't worked professionally before l,m but surel'd be goodat the job. I am veryfriendly and outgoing. I love travelling and seeingdifferent places. I canprovide reference in which Also, a letter previous my employer I'ma goodphotograpner says andthat youcancounton me.I canshowyoumy workanytimeyouwant. p* | won't be doinganything JulyandAugust. in We have holidays so I canworkwhenever our then youwant. p- Voucanget in touchwith meon 0g657345 or at [email  protected] com.. Let soon meknow ! Allthe best, /ro**a Laura Hirsch c workingwith youngchildren 7 What qualifications would someone need in orderto be considered this iob? for @ tatingpictures iear Mr Elliot, p I am writing to apply for the position of ;)r3tographer which was advertised this week's in :r ineed't'onof NY Magazine Teens. for p t am a 2O-year-old student. Two yearsago I iir3l

Media Production Essay Example

Media Production Essay Example Media Production Essay Media Production Essay There are many things to consider when creating a film, music video or animation. How much will it cost? Who needs to be employed? How long will it take? These are the main questions that need to be answered before anyone even begins to create a piece of media. Personnel Producer Producers are the main individuals in television, film and video production. The initial idea for a project often comes from a producer, who will oversee each project from beginning to end and may also be involved in the funding, marketing and distribution processes. A producer or executive producer is meant to report directly to the client (the person who wants the film/music video created). Producers work closely with directors and the other production staff on the media piece. Most of the time, they need to have directing skills themselves as it is likely that the producer will also be the director and take care of all of the production operations. Producers arrange funding for each project and are responsible for keeping the production within the allocated budget. Directors Directors are responsible for the look, sound and style of a film or media piece. Their job usually starts when they receive the script, although in some cases the director may also be the scriptwriter. It is the directors ‘artistic vision’ that will guide the work of the crew as they look for the right locations, hire the cast, design the sets, sound and lighting, and finally edit and dub the finished recording. Typical work activities include: -interpreting the script; -directing actors; -managing technical details, such as camera shots and the use of lighting; -making final decisions about location and design; talking with the producer at certain stages, for example, when editing the final cut; -managing the work of the other production staff and delegating tasks accordingly to create the final production. Scriptwriter A scriptwriter is a person who writes scripts. A script is a written version of a piece of media. Scripts are written for TV shows, movies, commercials and plays. A scriptwriter writes scripts for anything that requires one including internet show and podcasts. A scriptwriter produces content for radio, television broadcast, movies, theatre and other types of performance. As with all writers, scriptwriters conduct research on their topics in various ways: personal observation, library and Internet research and interviews. Writers then pick the research material they want to use, organize it and use the written word to express storylines and ideas or to convey information. This research is needed so the storyline can be historically accurate if needs be (such as ‘King Arthur’ or ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’). Casting director A casting director is responsible for helping to gather a number of actors or actresses for a given role to fit the script and directors vision of the performance. The casting director reads the script and meets with the producer, director and sometimes the writer, to get an idea of the type of person a given role calls for. Once this is determined, the casting director begins auditioning. They will meet with any number of individuals and begin narrowing down the field. Once a handful of hopefuls have been identified, the casting director then presents them to the director, producer or writer of the project. Casting directors meet with thousands of actors over the course of a given year. They must determine whether an actor fits the look of a character as well as whether or not that particular actor would be believable in the role they are casting. Production manager A production manager is involved with the planning, coordination and control of the set. They ensure that goods and services are produced efficiently, and make sure that the processes run as smoothly as possible. This is important as the director and producer cannot do this extra work while coaching and directing the lighting, and sound crew, as well as the actors themselves. A production manager is involved in both the pre-production (planning) stage as well as the production (control and supervision) stage. A large part of production management involves dealing with people, particularly investors and dealing with any public involvement. Art director Art directors oversee the artistic design of advertisements and print materials (such as billboards or magazines), as well as the filming of television commercials and are responsible for the quality of the finished product. The art director can choose to hire a photographer, an illustrator, models, and any props necessary for an advert. If a photo advertisement comes back from the printer with an imperfection, the art director is also responsible for retouching it. In advertising, the art director is not only responsible for the look of an advert but is also part of a creative team responsible for developing the initial concept. An art director and a copywriter (who writes the adverts) may decide on an advertising concept together. Then they determine how the ad will look and what it will say. Editors A film editor is technically a mechanic who removes the unneeded clips and fits pieces of film together to make the finished feature. He works with cinematographers and sound editors to mesh sight and sound to make the film work. Being a film editor requires hours of looking through footage and then assembling a film a half-second at a time, while working quickly to meet the filmmakers deadlines. While a skilled movie editors contribution can mean the difference between a hit and a so-so film, film editing done well is usually completely unnoticed by the audience. Here are some of the most important elements in the job of a film editor: -Read the script and meet with the director to understand his  vision of the film. -Make visits to the locations during filming to gain a sense of how the shooting is going to take place. -Go through footage, once shooting is done, and select scenes based on their dramatic and entertainment value and contribution to stories’ continuity. The editor has to look for the best combination of photography, performance, consistency and timing. Trim the segments of footage to the lengths needed for the film and assemble them into the best sequence to tell the story. -Work with sound effects editors, sound directors and musical directors on sound, score and film sequences that will be added to the film. -Insert music, dialogue and sound effects, using editing equipment. -Review the edited film, make corrections and prepare it as a first cut for the director and producer to view. The first cut may take up to thre e months to assemble. -Make revisions, as requested by the director and producers, and prepare the final cut for release to the film house for production. The final cut may take an additional month at least to finish Line producer In television and film, producers handle the business side of a project, making decisions about what projects to make, finding financing, establishing a budget and deadlines and then ensuring the project progresses as scheduled. Line production is the process of overseeing the day-to-day activities on a film or television show set, much like a foreman in a factory. Storyboard artist A storyboarder, also called a storyboard artist, is a professional visual artist who works with entertainment and advertising. They are responsible for drawing the scenes of a film or television production, to provide an example of a directors plan prior to a film being created. In addition to illustrating a directors vision, these drawings also let the director get rid of certain ideas prior to going into production, saving valuable money and time. The initial conference with the director and producer occurs so that the storyboarder may gain an understanding of the visual goals of the production. Following the meeting, they illustrate various scenes, based upon the specifications they have received. These drawings are then reviewed by the person in charge, who will either request the storyboarder redo them, create new storyboards or decide that production may begin. The storyboarder repeats this process for each scene of a shooting script. Location manager Location managers are responsible for making all the practical arrangements necessary when filming or photographic shoots take place outside the studio. Productions are made in a wide range of places and location managers need to research, identify and organise appropriate sites. As well as arranging and negotiating site use, the role usually includes managing sites throughout the shooting process. This involves working to strict budget and time limits and maintaining a high standard of health and safety and security. The demands of organising crews and dealing with a range of people make this an intense and varied role. Construction manager A construction manager or supervisor is responsible for running  the whole or part of a film site and he or she will make sure a scene is completed safely, on time and within budget. Responsibilities include making preparations before work begins, including communicating with the public, directors, producers and cost managers involved in the production. SFX crew Visual effects commonly refers to alterations of the films images, although the VFX crew works alongside the special effects department for any on-set effects that need physical representation during filming. Visual Effects Producer The visual effects producer works with the visual effects supervisor to break down the script into storyboards, and advises the director as to how they should approach the scenes. Visual Effects Creative Director VFX creative directors are very much like production designers, except they direct and supervise the creative side of the films visual effects. The position is particularly in demand for films with massive amounts of computer generated imagery and scenes. Visual Effects Supervisor The visual effects supervisor is in charge of the VFX crew, working with production and the films director to achieve the desired in-camera optical effects of the film. Visual Effects Editor The visual effects editor ‘sticks together’ visual effects into the current cuts of live action sequences, producing many versions of each shot. Altered scenes are then looked over by the visual effects supervisor and creative director for aesthetic and technical direction, and by the producers for review and final editing. Compositor A compositor is a visual effects artist responsible for compositing images from different sources such as video, film, computer generated 3-D imagery, 2-D animations, matte paintings, photographs, and text. Rotoscoper These artists may rotoscope the footage, manually creating mattes for use in compositing. They may also paint visual information into or out of a scene, such removing wires and rigs, logos, dust busting, scratch removal, etc. 3] Matte Painter These artists draw/paint entire sets or extend portions of an existing set. Camera crew Cinematographer The term cinematographer has been a point of contention for some time now. It is usually synonymous with director of photography, though some professionals insist this only applies when the director of photography and camera operator are the same person. Director of Photography The director of photography is the chief of the camera and lighting crew of the film. They make decisions on lighting and framing of scenes in conjunction with the films director. Typically, the director tells the them how they want a shot to look, and they choose the correct filter, and lighting to achieve the desired effect. Camera Operator The camera operator uses the camera at the direction of the cinematographer, director of photography, or the film director to capture the scenes on film. Generally, a cinematographer or director of photography does not operate the camera, but sometimes these jobs may be combined. Loader The loader is the designated film loader. They transfer motion picture film from the canisters to the magazines for attachment to the camera. After exposure during filming, the loader then removes the film from the magazines and places it back into the cans for transport to the laboratory so they do not get light damaged on the way. It is the responsibility of the loader to manage the inventory of the film and make sure none of it gets lost or damaged; however with the use of digital photography nowadays, this position is often eliminated. Camera Production Assistant Usually a volunteer or trainee in the camera department, the camera PA assists the crew with finer details while learning the trade of the camera assistant, operator or cinematographer. Digital Imaging Technician On digital photography productions the digital imaging technician is responsible for the coordination of the internal workings of the digital camera. Under the direction of the cinematographer or director of photography, the DIT will make adjustments the film as necessary. Motion Control Technician/Operator This technician operates a motion control rig, which is sometimes called a camera robot which is able to consistently repeat camera moves for special effects uses. Motion control rigs are typically rented with an experienced operator. Sound and lighting crew Production Sound Mixer The production sound mixer is head of the sound department on set, responsible for recording all sound during filming. This involves the choice and deployment of microphones, operation of a sound recording device, and sometimes the mixing of audio signals in real time. Boom Operator The boom operator is an assistant to the production sound mixer, responsible for microphone placement and movement during filming. The boom operator uses a boom pole, a long pole made of light aluminum or carbon fiber that allows precise positioning of the microphone above or below the actors, just out of the cameras frame. The boom operator may also place radio microphones and hidden set microphones. In France, the boom operator is called the perchman. Utility Sound Technician The utility sound technician has a dynamic role in the sound department, most typically pulling cables, but often acting as an additional boom operator or mixer when required by complex filming circumstances. Not all films employ a utility sound technician, but the increasing complexities of location sound recording in modern film have made the job more prevalent. This role is sometimes credited as cable man or python wrangler. Gaffer The gaffer is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the design and execution of the lighting plan for a production. Sometimes the gaffer is credited as Chief Lighting Technician. Best boy (Electrical) The best boy electric is the chief assistant to the gaffer. He or she is not usually on set, but dealing with the electric truck and rentals. Lighting Technician Lighting technicians are involved with setting up and controlling lighting equipment. The Runners A runner is an entry-level position and is considered the most junior role in the production department of a broadcast, film or video company. There is no single job description as runners act as general assistants and undertake whatever basic tasks are required to ensure the smooth running of the production process. Runners’ general responsibilities include tea making, transporting scripts and hire equipment, taking messages, looking after guests, and getting everything in place for shoots. This role offers the opportunity to gain vital experience and knowledge of the production process, offering valuable networking opportunities, and is often seen as the first step on the ladder for people aspiring to roles in production. Typical activities include fetching and carrying items, such as equipment, tapes, cable and scripts; transporting cast, crew and production staff between offices, studios and shoot locations; driving cars, vans or trucks between locations and around sets; helping set up a location for a shoot; keeping the set clean and tidy and handing out post and messages to colleagues within the production team. Extras Many pieces of media require the use of extras, the most common of which being ‘rent-a-crowd’ for blockbusters such as Harry Potter or Sweeney Todd. This is where you hire a specific amount of the public to attend social events, films, music videos or TV shows. People do this either to boost numbers or because it is substantially cheaper than hiring actors and actresses. Other than Rent-a-crowd, members of the public are used to provide their opinion, provide historical facts or can be interviewed. Usually the interviews are conducted to delve deeper into history, whether for a documentary on the World Wars, or a historical film about Ancient Civilisations. Directors usually find that interviewing members of the public is not only cheaper, but adds opinion and substance to an otherwise fact-based program and allows the viewer to catch a glimpse of what it was really like to be in the chosen situation. On many occasions, members of the public will not suffice, and the director must call in the experts. These are people who have dedicated their lives to one chosen subject, and can provide a better understanding. Examples are Alan Titchmarsh; the gardening expert, and David Attenborough; presenter of the most well known wildlife programs including the ‘Life of Mammals’ collection. Even though they specialise in different fields, these people are chosen because of their skill and knowledge on their chosen subject and are two of the most well known experts in the UK. Finance Before a film or music video can be produced, one must research into the financial issues that may arise, such as equipment, facilities, casting and crew wages, rights clearances and any copyright infringements that may be present. For example, if you were to re-make the film ‘Annie’ you would need to pay for the rights to each song and create your own script that is substantially different to original. This is usually the job of the producer before any of the crew is hired, and many will not accept a job if the rights have not yet been cleared. Any producer or investor wants to ensure that their money is only spent on the production; therefore any investments must be set up in a separate bank account. This allows the investor to see how much money has been spent, and from that, how much is owed back to them from the sales of the film. In addition, all documentation must be approved by the investors, the producers and the director before investment is made. This includes Script development, Casting and crew choices, credits (onscreen title and end credits), delivery date and sometimes even the certificate of the film (verified by PEGI or another regulatory body). If the investor wants something changed in the script, cast line-up or delivery date; it must be done before they make the investment. Materials Before media production starts, the materials used must be decided upon and verified. Such materials can include Archive footage (as shown in the award winning war film ‘Memphis Belle), sound library material (such as gunshots or other sound effects) or Original footage (footage taken of the actors on set or scenery). Other materials are used to create mood and atmosphere. Music can be used greatly to create a specific atmosphere, even if you can barely hear it. On the film ‘Event Horizon’ music is used to create an aura of suspense and tension. The music is so quiet you can hardly hear, however if you watch the same scene on mute, the scene has less impact, thus proving that even the tiniest detail of a scene can have a major impact. The same fact goes for visual effects. Even a slight alteration to the colouring of a film or music video can have a major impact on the impression it gives. If a film is based in the past, then suitable costume is required. This means the costume department must research into periodic costume to give the right feel to the piece of media, and confer with the props department to hire the correct era of antique furniture and other such items. This is important because if, for example, someone began to use 21st century objects (mobile phones, laptops etc) in a film like Pride and Prejudice, the story would not be considered realistic, and as a result, would not sell.

Recursos Humanos na Bayer SA Brasil - analise de um caso pratico

Recursos Humanos na Bayer SA Brasil - analise de um caso pratico 1 - INTRODUÂÆ'‡ÂÆ'ÂÆ'O:O presente trabalho visa analisar a estrutura de Recursos Humanos da empresa Bayer S.A., a missÂÆ' £o da ÂÆ' ¡rea de RH e suas atividades, comparando-a com as referÂÆ' ªncias bibliogrÂÆ' ¡ficas do curso, formulando conclusÂÆ' µes e recomendaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes que poderiam ser passadas ÂÆ' empresa em pauta.BAYER S.A. - "Se ÂÆ' © Bayer, ÂÆ' © bom".Nome: Bayer S.A.EndereÂÆ' §o: Est. Boa EsperanÂÆ' §a n‚ º 650; Belford Roxo, RJ.Matriz: Rua Domingos Jorge, n‚ º 1100; Socorro, SÂÆ' £o Paulo, SP.Telefone: (021) 762-5700Atividade principal: ProduÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o e vendas de produtos quÂÆ' ­micos, farmacÂÆ' ªuticos e veterinÂÆ' ¡rios.N‚ º de funcionÂÆ' ¡rios: 2550 (Brasil)N‚ º de funcionÂÆ' ¡rios em RH: 21 (Bayer) mais 10 terceirizados (ADP Systems)Idade: 104 anos no Brasil (fundada em 1896)ÂÆ' rea de atuaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o: Todo o territÂÆ' ³rio brasileiroEntrevista realizada em: 30/11 /2000Entrevistados: Arturo Dominguez Rodriguez (Treinamento - BR), Wilson Luiz Moura (Adm. RH) e Dr. Humberto TurlÂÆ' £o (RelaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes Trabalhistas)MissÂÆ' £o da ÂÆ' ¡rea de RH - apoiar as ÂÆ' ¡reas de negÂÆ' ³cios, centrais e de apoio no recrutamento, seleÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o, treinamento, avaliaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o e desenvolvimento dos recursos humanos da empresa.Portuguà ªs: Equipe do Bayer, de Belford Roxo.Os processos internos de RH estÂÆ' £o concentrados nas seguintes atividades bÂÆ' ¡sicas:- Recrutamento e seleÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o;- Treinamento;- AvaliaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o de desempenho;- Desenvolvimento;- RecolocaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes internas e externas;- AdministraÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o de salÂÆ' ¡rios e de benefÂÆ' ­cios- RelaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes trabalhistas.2 - PERFIL DO GRUPO BAYER NO MUNDO:Desde 1863, a Bayer estÂÆ' ¡ presente na vida de geraÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes e geraÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes de pessoas em todo o mundo. SÂÆ' £o 350 companhias, espalhada s nos cinco continentes, que faturaram, em 1999, 27,3 bilhÂÆ' µes de Euros e contam com cerca de 120.000 funcionÂÆ' ¡rios, atuando no campo da saÂÆ' ºde humana e animal, proteÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o das plantas, polÂÆ' ­meros e especialidades quÂÆ' ­micas.A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novas soluÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes sempre foi uma das principais missÂÆ' µes da empresa, na busca de uma qualidade de vida melhor aos seres...

An A to Z List of Countries That No Longer Exist

An A to Z List of Countries That No Longer Exist As countries merge, split, or simply decide to change their names, the list of countries that no longer exist has grown. The list below is far from comprehensive, but it includes the most notable former countries. Abyssinia Also known as the Ethiopian Empire, Abyssinia was a kingdom in northeast Africa. In the early 20th century, it split into the states of Eritrea and Ethiopia. Austria-Hungary A monarchy established in 1867, Austria-Hungary (also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire) included not just Austria and Hungary but also parts of the Czech Republic, Poland, Italy, Romania, and the Balkans. The empire collapsed at the end of World War I. Bengal Bengal was an independent kingdom in southern Asia that existed from 1338 to 1539. The area has since been divided into the states of Bangladesh and India. Burma Burma officially changed its name to Myanmar in 1989. However, many countries still have not recognized the change. Catalonia Catalonia was an autonomous region of Spain. It remained independent from 1932 to 1934 and from 1936 to 1939. Ceylon Ceylon was an island country located off the coast of India. In 1972, it changed its name to Sri Lanka. Corsica This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of its history but had several brief periods of independence. Today, Corsica is a department of France. Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia was a country in eastern Europe. It peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993. East Pakistan This area was a province of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. It is now the independent state of Bangladesh. Gran Colombia Gran Colombia was a South American country that included what is now Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador from 1819 to 1830. Gran Colombia ceased to exist when Venezuela and Ecuador seceded from the union. Hawaii Though a kingdom for hundreds of years, Hawaii wasnt recognized as an independent country until the 1840s. The country was annexed to the United States in 1898. New Granada This South American country was part of Gran Colombia from 1819 to 1830 and was an independent country from 1830 to 1858. In 1858, the country became known as the Grenadine Confederation, then the United States of New Granada in 1861, the United States of Colombia in 1863, and finally, the Republic of Colombia in 1886. Newfoundland From 1907 to 1949, Newfoundland existed as the self-governing Dominion of Newfoundland. In 1949, Newfoundland joined Canada as a province. North Yemen and South Yemen Yemen split in 1967 into two countries, North Yemen (a.k.a. the Yemen Arab Republic) and South Yemen (a.k.a. the Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen). However, in 1990 the two rejoined to form a unified Yemen. Ottoman Empire Also known as the Turkish Empire, this empire began around 1300 and expanded to include parts of contemporary Russia, Turkey, Hungary, the Balkans, northern Africa, and the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire ceased to exist in 1923 when Turkey declared independence from what remained of the empire. Persia The Persian Empire extended from the Mediterranean Sea to India. Modern Persia was founded in the 16th century and later became known as Iran. Prussia Prussia became a Duchy in 1660 and a kingdom the following century. At its greatest extent, it included the northern two-thirds of modern Germany and western Poland. Prussia, by World War II a federal unit of Germany, was fully dissolved at the end of World War II. Scotland, Wales, and England Despite recent advances in autonomy, part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, both Scotland and Wales were independent nations that eventually merged with England to form the United Kingdom. Sikkim Sikkim was an independent monarchy from the 17th century until 1975. It is now part of northern India. South Vietnam South Vietnam existed from 1954 to 1976 as the anti-communist counterpart to North Vietnam. It is now part of unified Vietnam. Taiwan While Taiwan still exists, it is not always considered an independent country. However, it did represent China in the United Nations until 1971. Texas The Republic of Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836. It existed as an independent country until it was annexed to the United States in 1845. Tibet A kingdom established in the 7th century, Tibet was invaded by China in 1950. Since then, it has been known as the Xizang Autonomous Region of China. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) For decades, this country was the most powerful communist nation in the world. In 1991, it broke into 15 new countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldovia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. United Arab Republic In 1958, non-neighbors Syria and Egypt joined together to form the United Arab Republic. In 1961, Syria abandoned the alliance, but Egypt kept the name United Arab Republic for itself for another decade.

Why tell the truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why tell the truth - Essay Example In the case of lying, a public speaker claiming that all those who suffer right now are being punished for their sins. This is lying since Job has also undergone adverse circumstances without having sinned. People are made to believe by the speaker that â€Å"contract faith† exists and not God’s will for his people. Bearing false witness is committed by a public speaker who tells his listeners that he was there when the crime happened when in fact he fabricated a story. This is often committed by people who are being paid to create a false witness. 2. The article â€Å"Why Tell the Truth† by Joseph Stowell explains clearly by citing biblical passages that telling a lie is definitely a violation of God’s will. Truth is fixed and should not be relative depending upon the culture or environment. The bible qualifies a righteous man by â€Å" The one whose walk is blameless, who does what is righteous, who speaks the  truth  from their heart â€Å" ( Psalm 15: 2, NIV). Also, telling the truth has repercussions as Proverbs 14 : 25 says â€Å" A   truthful witness saves lives, but a false witness is deceitful†. Lying is dangerous and can inflict misery upon the lives of both the liar and the victim. 3. Plagiarism is wrong because it constitutes stealing another person’s idea or work. Back in the olden days intellectual property did not exist then. People often covet material things or possessions that do not belong to them like other people’s spouse. Today, knowledge, information and data can be considered as commodities or goods that have a certain value in them. Plagiarism is another person’s creation similar to an artist’s paintings or a composer’s music sheet. It was explicitly commanded in the Bible that people should not steal and this refers to everything that a man owns. In Ephesians 4:28 ( ESV) it is stated that

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Interview - Essay Example One of her first jobs is to work at a call center of a cellular phone company. She made $9 per hour then. She worked graveyard shifts, and she complained that the schedule and target goals were very stressful and exhausting. After only three months, she decided to shift to becoming a pre-school teacher. She finished BS Mathematics and she enjoyed it. But she realized that she wanted to also become a pre-school teacher. For the next three years, she took Early Childhood and Education programs. After she finished the programs, she applied for a public school in our community and she got hired. Right now, she is still a pre-school teacher and loving her job. She makes around $30,000 every year. She is now pursuing her MA in Early Childhood Education. Teachers are not superheroes; they are human beings with likes and dislikes in this world. She said that as a girl, their family had two dogs, three cats, two rabbits, and two hamsters. The most special pet for her was Britney, their white cat with blue eyes and bunny tail. She is special, because she seems to be aware of her limits as a pet. Janice said: â€Å"Brit is the sweetest cat ever, and she never pounces on food, unless it is given to her. And you can just feel that she loves you so much, when she brushes on your legs.† Like other people, Janice tries to avoid some things, but she ends up doing them. She said that some of the things that she is doing that she said she would never do are eating another slice of chocolate cake, and spending more time playing CastleVille than originally planned. She admitted being â€Å"partially addicted† to both. Janice stresses that she hates long lines, traffic, and young people who disrespect their parents. Some of the best things that Janice loves about her life right now are that she can do anything she wants, because she is still single and she does not have to be encumbered with the responsibilities of being a

B plan - additional payment Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B plan - additional payment - Outline Example Expenses incurred on Petrol have been reduced to â‚ ¬40 per week based on a revised plan to focus on basic services. i.e. design and management building services engineering projects. Smaller projects will be sub-contracted to fellow engineers that cover Leninster, Connaught and North Munster. This will reduce travel time in conducting surveys on properties beyond a distance of 30 miles from the home office. The car is also being reconfigured to run on diesel, which is a cheaper alternative. There will be no expenses on advertising during year 1. The firm will continue to use word of mouth and tap into the existing customer base. Further, expenses on training and development are expected to reduce to â‚ ¬10 per week after the completion of the Masters degree in May 2011 by availing skills net funding wherever possible. Based on these revised estimates, expenses are expected to reduce by up to â‚ ¬77 per week. I request you to examine the enclosed spreadsheet for further information on specific revisions in all key areas. I would also like to emphasize that these estimates were solely revised to reflect more realistic projections and have not been made to reflect better profits on

Draftsmans Duty of Care in the Preparation of a Will Essay

Draftsmans Duty of Care in the Preparation of a Will - Essay Example The analysis is focused on identifying the solicitor’s duties and responsibilities in preparing a will for the clients. Various aspects of preparation of a legal document highlight the significant role of the solicitor who has the duty to adequately represent the testator’s intentions and wishes through the legal document. The various types of the draftsman’s duties in preparation of a will are discussed in the changing contextual situations of family businesses, mutual or joint will, and breach of duty such as errors or delays. Identifying grammatical and omission errors, providing legal advice to clients, severing joint tenancy and adequately representing a testator’s wish in preparing a will are some of the broad issues of draftsman’s duties in preparing a will. This discussion is focused on identification of the various types of errors, issues concerning negligence of duty on the part of the solicitor and the possible contextual factors that can lead to these errors or failure to perform the duties. Â  The methodology adopted for this purpose include searching legal journals and law journal databases to locate cases associated with the failure of draftsman’s responsibilities and liabilities of the draftsman. Databases such as LexisNexis, bailli, zetoc and Westlaw were searched with terms as ‘draftsman’ ‘common law’ ‘preparation of will’ ‘solicitor duties’ and several cases were located and have been included in this study.

Themes in African History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Themes in African History - Assignment Example Based on the country you are focused on for your SPA project, which of those processes applies to your country of study (Akare et al, 2001, P 52). List at least 3 things that led to that country’s independence. 1. Resistance or rebellion 2. International support from the US and UNO 3. Use of diplomacy between the Ghanaians and the British. 4. Even though African leaders would become free of â€Å"European political control†, what sometimes didn’t change in Africa, especially in regards to their ongoing relationships with their former European colonial power? [Especially with the French, but also the British]: With both the French and the British, the use of their language by Africans did not end as it had become the formal mode of communication. They also continued to be direct importers and users of the African raw materials such as gold, rubber and peanut oils (Akare,52). Chapter 14 in your textbook is written by Takyiwaa Manuh, a former professor at the University of Ghana. This chapter as a whole is devoted to theorizing human rights in Africa, and to providing a brief history of Human Rights in Africa. You have been assigned to read a small section called: Human Rights and Nation Building in POSTINDEPENDENCE AFRICA. pp. 298- to the top of page 300. This primarily covers what happened after the colonial period, during the period just following the independence of individual nations. 1. At the beginning of this section (p. 298), Takyiwaa Manuh states that the newly freed governments in the various African nations made many improvements after the colonial powers (the Europeans) left. Paraphrase in your own words what some of those overall improvements were. (List at least four areas of improvements). The major areas of improvement included education, health, poverty and labor rights.

Draftsmans Duty of Care in the Preparation of a Will Essay

Draftsmans Duty of Care in the Preparation of a Will - Essay Example The analysis is focused on identifying the solicitor’s duties and responsibilities in preparing a will for the clients. Various aspects of preparation of a legal document highlight the significant role of the solicitor who has the duty to adequately represent the testator’s intentions and wishes through the legal document. The various types of the draftsman’s duties in preparation of a will are discussed in the changing contextual situations of family businesses, mutual or joint will, and breach of duty such as errors or delays. Identifying grammatical and omission errors, providing legal advice to clients, severing joint tenancy and adequately representing a testator’s wish in preparing a will are some of the broad issues of draftsman’s duties in preparing a will. This discussion is focused on identification of the various types of errors, issues concerning negligence of duty on the part of the solicitor and the possible contextual factors that can lead to these errors or failure to perform the duties. Â  The methodology adopted for this purpose include searching legal journals and law journal databases to locate cases associated with the failure of draftsman’s responsibilities and liabilities of the draftsman. Databases such as LexisNexis, bailli, zetoc and Westlaw were searched with terms as ‘draftsman’ ‘common law’ ‘preparation of will’ ‘solicitor duties’ and several cases were located and have been included in this study.

The intended learning outcomes will normally be assessed in the Coursework

The intended learning outcomes will normally be assessed in the following manner - Coursework Example Moreover, the graduate program taken has also enabled me to gain the right amount of competency and skills for taking care of information technology problems so as to render effective solutions for the same. I have gained the skills for conducting analytical functions in programs such as Microsoft Excel and also in rendering presentations through the use of PowerPoint. Skills gained on such basis has enhanced my competencies in providing analytical solutions to business problems, thereby presenting the same as strategic recommendations. Similarly, the graduate program has also contributed to developing my team working and team organising skills so as to render the best while operating in a synergised environment. I have gained needful understandings of the potential leadership skills required to rightly manage and convince people in different teams to help achieve organisational goals and objectives as a whole. Opportunities and Skills Required Presently, the job market in United Kin gdom presents large scale job opportunities for graduates in several sectors such as accounting, banking and the finance industry, logistics and purchasing departments of companies, sales and marketing, operations and engineering, journalism and mass communication, retail and the like. Apart from the listed job opportunities, the United Kingdom market also provides opportunities for graduates to work as management or recruitment consultants in the region. From the plethora of job opportunities listed above, the case of the retail industry would be studied so that the skills required for working in the sector would be evaluated. It is known that to work effectively in the retail sector in United Kingdom, an individual is required to firstly possess the right amount of analytical competencies. Secondly, the individual is also required to have significant knowledge about the commercial regulations pertaining to the region and thereby blend such knowledge with the right business aptitud e to render potential solutions. Thirdly, customers being the life blood of retail businesses, the individuals are required to possess effective customer servicing skills and team building skills so as to effectively convince the internal people to meet the organisational objectives. In addition to the above skill sets, it would be considered as a value addition if the individuals do possess the hand-on-experience for servicing customers at the floor level, and also the right knowledge of a potential customer base in the region (High Fliers, 2012, pp.10–29). Skills and Gaps Though I have gained the needed acumen to conduct analytical functions based on Excel, there are persisting gaps such knowledge of conducting and presenting effective forecasting activities related to demand and supply of merchandises based on evaluation of market changes. Similarly, a definite gap is also noted pertaining to the fact that there is lack of factual or

Commentary on Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal Essay Jonathan Swift cleverly illustrates a very â€Å"humble† solution to the crisis in Ireland in his personal essay, â€Å"A Modest Proposal. † His voice urges annoyance and frustration, evoking a tone of sarcasm. Through the use of cynical language, he creates an intense and informative response. He uses language to create imagery which he intends to elicit a response of shock and moral responsibility. His intention is to mock Ireland and the economic crisis they have got themselves in. Swift appropriately chooses strong imagery and describes a â€Å"melancholy object† that comes from walking through Irish streets and seeing â€Å"beggars of the female sex† and â€Å"three, four, or six children, all in rags. † Swift wants this image to convey the severe challenges that Ireland is facing. These women are panhandling for food, instead of working â€Å"for their honest livelihood,† and that influences their children to do the same or leave for the â€Å"Pretender in Spain. The â€Å"deplorable state† of Ireland is causing grave situations for the impoverished. The English Protestants have been mistreating the Irish, and England has â€Å"consumed† Ireland. Because of England, Ireland faces a lack of power, and Swift uses this verisimilitude in order to take advantage of his satire and to present the â€Å"devouring† of poverty-stricken infants of Irish born mothers. The circumstances in Ireland at that time, the key parallel between both situations are their shared consequence: a country destined to collapse. Swift’s arguments against their current â€Å"schemes† of Ireland are well constructed and convincing. The children or the mothers will no longer beg for â€Å"charity† on the streets. â€Å"A child will make two dishes,† and will be offered in sale to people. This will bring quality and fortune, through the nation. He has â€Å"maturely weighed the several schemes of other projectors. † He believes that these â€Å"schemes† are much miscalculated in their â€Å"computation. † If the previous â€Å"schemes† had worked then there would be no poverty or â€Å"voluntary abortions. He uses strong diction to let one know that he is not proud of his country or the people. His proposal makes complete logical sense. He has everything figured out. Certain terms he uses when he compares the Irish children to farm animals, and that they should be â€Å"consumed. † Diction such as â€Å"stock,† â€Å"pigs,† â€Å"cattle,† â€Å"fatten them up,† all imply to Swift’s analogy to people and livestock. This implies that the Irish just stand around and bend down to an authority of a higher power, and also that the English treat the Irish as worthless workers. The Irish are valuable in financial means to their owners and so are livestock. The Irish just marry and bear children, and wait for wealth to come. This is just what the English want, they want the Irish to be weaker and not take a stand. Therefore, Swift quite subtly proposes that instead of these children being a burden on the already poor parents, the children should â€Å"contribute† themselves to the nation in a form of food or clothing. Swift uses imagery to set the tone of voice and to consistently keep it going throughout the essay. He conjures up images to create an illusion that the solution to the economic crisis in Ireland is quite effortless to solve. Swift is expecting the Irish people to understand that they are responsible of the crisis and they have no patriotism towards their own country. This imagery is created because of language, he expects the people of the nation to do something about the â€Å"distresses† being faced. Swift consistently repeats women and children â€Å"begging,† he wants to clarify that he’s not only writing an essay about the economy but also about moral responsibility of the nation. He explains about the â€Å"voluntary abortions;† these women murder their children because they can’t afford to provide for their children. He constantly explains the â€Å"present distresses,† expressing his frustration and shame towards the country. Swift is generous with his disdain and his ironic representations are not only meant to criticize the society of Ireland, but also to motivate the Irish to take action in rectifying the damage that Ireland has tolerated. Swift has no other motive but to only hope for the public good and â€Å"public consideration. †

Key Reasons For Outsourcing Through Three Ethical Theories Business Essay

Key Reasons For Outsourcing Through Three Ethical Theories Business Essay When a company gets outsourced, the people who are culturally removed from the parent company have to transfer the knowledge to the new employees those who come to the board. Can these services meet quality expectations? In some cases it does not satisfy the full requirements. There may be a communication gap when you transfer your knowledge to the third party. It may be that have a lack of interest to train the third party people, but you are forced to do it. In this case, honesty in communication and doing the right duties bring attention to ethical issues. This is against the Freedom of Speech.   There are language and cultural barriers while communicating with the overseas workers. The overseas workers communicate with Americans in broken and incomprehensible English. As a result, the companies have to compromise on the quality of the product. Nowadays, because work outsourcing has peaked, overseas workers have good communication and are very talented. They can easily understand the situation and come up with good ideas, providing a high-quality and safe product. End users benefit from the outcome of the result. The utilitarian theory states outsourcing is good.   Companies outsource due to highly skilled, educated labor, with cheaper price in foreign countries. Sometimes foreign countries use cheap-quality, raw materials and less manual effort to finish the project for their profit. As an example, China often use lead paint in toys, resulting in a poor-quality product, in which both customers and the company suffer. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: The services or projects which are outsourcing are the Intellectual Property of the company. The company has the right to protect their intellectual property. For that need company has to enforce proper planning strategy on what services should be outsourced and what services should not. If there will be lack of proper planning, then may be chances of Identity Theft and the company goes through loses. In opposite way, if there is a proper planning, then company can focus on core services and outsource the ancillary duties and at the end provides a good quality product to the users. All the users and company get benefited, no one get harm. In conclusion by providing proper training to the replacement employees, good communication to new employees, proper planning strategy of the company before outsourcing, then users get benefited and satisfied at the end with the quality and safety product. So according to Utilitarianism, outsourcing is good and no need to compromise the quality and safety of the product. Kantian Theory Analysis: If there is drop in quality and safety of the outsourced product, the community and the users are going to suffer. Company use overseas workers at cheaper rate to accomplish the goal, the quality of the product drops. Overseas workers use as a means to an end for the company benefit. Most of the previous workers who used to work before are getting laid off. Company treated them with disrespect. So outsourcing is not good. Social Contract Theory Analysis: Company has the right to give a good quality product to the community. If there is drop in quality, the rational begins are not get benefited to the maximum level. So according to social contract theory, outsourcing is not good, as it drops the quality. It affects the global economy. People in the developed countries like US and UK tend to blame outsourcing for their job losses, low paying jobs. But offshore outsourcing is an inevitable phenomenon that has many viable benefits to the world economy. Global outsourcing helps in creating newer international markets, promotes global citizenship, helps recognize global talent and in a larger sense helps in the development of economics of all the countries taking part in it. People are more worried about job loses rather than realizing new jobs are getting created. Outsourcing is an evolution that is revolutionizing our societies and laying the foundation for a better world economy. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: Companies exploit the cheap labor of offshore countries and cut down on man power costs, reduce operational costs and capital expenditure. The overseas workers dont get greatest happiness but in the end, the global economy rises, all the people are getting benefited. So outsourcing is good. Kantian Theory Analysis: Though outsourcing increases the global economy, the companies exploit the workers and infrastructure facilities available in the third world countries and use as a means to an end. So outsourcing is not good. Social Contract Theory Analysis: All the rational begins are getting benefited through outsourcing as it increases the global economy. So for the world benefits, outsourcing is good. An employer outsources some work to escape taxes and regulations. By outsourcing certain tasks, the companies can save money based on taxes they pay in the offshore countries. Developed countries like America and Europe have more corporate tax rate than other countries. The U.S. tax code allows American based companies to get the tax exemptions for that percentage of tax already paid to foreign countries, which is very less compared to U.S. Some companies even move some tasks to the small offshore island, such as Caymans, where they can create tax-free account and avoid paying taxes. The company uses the materials and resources of the foreign country and that helps in building small local companies and foreign country generate more tax revenues from those small local companies. In overall the outsourced company end up with paying less tax or sometimes get the tax exemption to the foreign country, because it increases the economy of the foreign country and create more jobs in that country. The U.S. companies only give tax based on their operation ac count income in U.S. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: According to Utilitarian point of view, the companies move certain tasks to the offshore countries for tax benefits. They help other foreign countries to grow and create jobs there and also give tax to the countries based on the profit in those countries. The tax rate at foreign country is very low compared to the parent country. The parent country gets less tax revenue where as the foreign countries and the company both are getting benefited with this. So outsourcing is good. Kantian Theory Analysis: The companies create more jobs in the overseas for tax incentives. They do not invest money in their country and do not create jobs for their society. According to Kant, this is morally wrong, the companies has some responsibilities for the country. They cheat to the country and give less tax based on profit in the parent country, not the profit through overseas. Social Contract Theory Analysis: The outsourced companies give lower foreign tax rate to the foreign countries as compared to U.S. and deduct those foreign taxes on their American tax return. The outsourced company creates jobs overseas and give tax based on profit earned in the overseas, as a result the overseas countries get financially benefited. As a moral rule, if all the U.S. based companies move their business overseas for their tax benefit, then economy of the U.S. will drop, it is not right. So outsourcing is not good. Honesty in communications is at the ethical core of trustworthiness. Another problem in outsourcing is transfer of knowledge. How honestly the parent employees who are culturally removed from the company, will transfer the knowledge to the foreign employees. The offshore countries have the responsibilities to give back the quality and safety product to the company; how much honesty will exist in this process, is a question? Honest in relationship between the developed country and the foreign country is a key constraint for better and successful business. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: According to Utilitarianism Theory, if a work is done with honest, it will give satisfaction at the end. When two countries are working together with handshaking, one should have trust with another and they should do work with honesty. If that criterion meets, then both the countries get benefited. Outsourcing is good. Kantian Theory Analysis: An outsourced company gets profit with the help of other foreign countries; simultaneously foreign country also gets profit with the outsourced work. Both should do work with honest and trust. If one country uses other as a means to an end for its benefit, then it is wrong. If there is honesty, outsourcing is good. Social Contract Theory Analysis: As a moral rule, honesty in communication required for better business and makes a better word. So in outsourcing, honesty is a key factor. Skilled and talent professionals work for other nation. Developed country like U.S. moves some tasks to foreign countries to utilize skilled and talented workers at lower rates compared to U.S. talented workers that will lead to an increase in productivity and save costs in a major way. Large number of engineers is graduating every year from India and China compared to U.S. As a result there is an oversupply of talented workers from overseas. But these foreign countries sometimes can not produce quality and challenging jobs for them at a good rate, where they get their satisfaction jobs from other developed country at a feasible rate. They leave their own countries because they are not absorbed by the economies of these developing countries and work for other nation. Outsourcing offers opportunities for talented individuals to stay at own country and work for the other country. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: According to Utilitarianism Theory, if talented and skilled workers stay at own country and work for another country, the workers get satisfaction with their job as well as the economy of their own country gets better. At the end, even though workers drain brain for other nation, their  own nation also get benefited. Skilled workers work for other nation is good. Kantian Theory Analysis: Developed countries give jobs to talented and skilled workers overseas for their benefit in place of own talent workers. According to Kant, this is wrong because developed countries workers use as a means to an end. Social Contract Theory Analysis: Talent and skill workers get opportunities and build their career and company also gets benefited. It does not matter where these workers drain brain, but global economy increases. Restricted access to secured data for maintaining the privacy and confidentiality. Outsourced company should concentrate on core business and need specialized attention while moving some operations to the third party company. The core concern of outsourcing is to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, security and privacy of the company business. It is wise if outsourcing partner does not have adequate information security measures. As a practice of ethical rules and privacy policies of the organizations like non-disclosure of trade secrets and non-disclosure contracts with staff, third party service providers and visitors should sign the disclaimer contract. So the outsourcer feels safe to do the business with a partner who is miles away. Everyone has right to protect his intellectual property. Privacy is a prudential right. From the point of view of rule utilitarianism, social contract theory and Kantianism, it is necessary to maintain some privacy and confidentiality information to the third party company. It increases the productivity of the services. By employing more numbers of skilled and talented manpower at lower cost, company boost up their productivity. Companies produce better product at low price which increases the demand for the product and also increases revenue of consumers. In order to produce more products, workers must be hired, that results in more job creations. Companies operate on an around the clock, 24/7 production cycle, provides customer service 24 hours; which further adding productivity. By outsourcing it is possible for projects to be shuttled between multiple sites, allowing around the clock and get the tasks done in time. For an example, a team in Palo Alto spends its day to find bugs in a piece of software, then hand the bug reports to Bangalore team of India that spends its day fixing the bugs. Outsource results into better customer satisfaction and increased profitability. If we see in other way, infrastructure in less developed countries can make business more difficult, which hampers the productiv ity. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: According to Utilitarianism, the customer gets good product in less price, which enhances the total happiness of the customer. It also creates new jobs. So outsourcing increases the productivity. Kantian Theory Analysis: By employing skilled manpower at lower cost, the company boosts up productivity which is morally wrong according to Kantianism theory, because the company uses skilled manpower as means to an end. Social Contract Theory Analysis: Outsourcing process increases the productivity of the company and also provides customer satisfaction. According to social contract theory, outsourcing is good. Conditions when the outsourced get outsourced: Outsourcing Company outsources jobs to offshore countries to get the product at a much reduced cost. To get maximum revenue benefit, offshore countries outsource some of their job areas to third offshore country to reduce their operating costs. The outsourced jobs in the offshore countries get outsourced to another offshore country because of reducing the cost of infra structure, cost of raw materials, and cost of labor. Most of the times offshore country keeps the core functionality of the outsourced jobs and outsources their non-core jobs to third offshore country for the utilization of available skilled labors. Also the offshore country outsources their jobs to get the benefit out of lower corporate tax rate of 3rd offshore country. Sometimes Supply of demands can be a factor to get the jobs outsourced from one offshore country to another offshore country. For example, developed country like America outsources mostly IT jobs to India to get a better quality product at a lower pric e. India outsources certain tasks like software testing, software documentation of those IT services to other offshore country like Philippines and other south Asian countries to get the tasks complete within very low labor cost. Sometimes Indian corporations outsource job to developing nations to meet the need for workers who speak the varieties of languages that global clients demand. Utilitarianism Theory Analysis: The business of the company spread globally. Three countries get benefited and also skilled and talented workers get good job. Sometimes own country skilled workers do not get job, this is a negative consequences. Managing the tasks is difficult as it spread to country to country. The confidential information are less secure, this gives negative impact. Total benefits is more than total harms. So outsourced get outsourced is a good phenomenon. Kantian Theory Analysis: The developed country like America outsources job to developing country like India for their benefit. Similarly, India outsources some task to a third developing country like the Philippines. According to Kantian theory, America uses India as a means to an end. India uses the Philippines as a means to an end. This is not a good idea. Social Contract Theory Analysis: The businesses of the company get distributed around the world. The Higher quality product is sold at the best possible price due to competition among possible providers of the same product. This is beneficial for the society. Poorer countries gain employment, creating jobs around the world reduces unrest and leads to more stability. For everyones mutual benefit, outsourced get outsource is good. Conclusion: Outsourcing has tremendous impact on economic growth, national security, balancing between Jobs vs. the workforce. These impacts are both positive and negative. When the business owners and BPO consultants move jobs overseas, they claim that their actions have a clear net positive. In contrast certain group of people and the community of outsourced country are adversely affected by outsourcing. It is very difficult to determine who are the ones affected by outsourcing. The jobs as well as the capital resource are transferred from developed to developing countries. As a result unemployment rate increases in the parent country and in most cases the qualified skilled labors in their own domestic land are forced out of jobs. Also people in their own domestic land are losing interest in education because of lack of skilled jobs originating in their own country. Based on various arguments and discussions from different sources, outsourcing also enhances the global economy of the domestic country and creates new jobs in the country. If we consider each key reasons of outsourcing through ethical theories, some key reasons have more moral value than the others. So it is very hard to decide whether outsourcing is good or bad.