When Taking Theology And Ethics - 1584 Words

Before taking Theology and Ethics, I was a firm believer of the Lord, but I had never once thought in different ways to interpret him or his word. I had taken religion classes in my church while in high school, and we were never told or asked to think of how we interpret God s word as I have in my theology class. That is a mistake made by many churches and the church classes for students that they offer. What they tend to do is stuff information down the people s throats instead of explaining different ways of understanding God in their own unique way. I know that’s what happened to me while I was in church classes. I was only told information and forced to participate even though I didn’t fully understand God. It was not until I went to a church retreat where I felt God, and it was a feeling I had never experienced before, it was a new discovery for me. The point is that I didn’t feel God in class, because that was not the teachers job. The teacher s job is to educate us on the Lord so we can be ready to pass a test at the end of the class, the goal should be for the students to understand and find God. I m still surprised how I had never thought nor learned of breaking down the holy trinity. I was taught what the Holy Trinity was, but I never went beyond knowing it was the father, the son, and the holy spirit. I had never opened my eyes to the things this theology class has questioned of me and make me pounder on. One of the most interesting things that made meShow MoreRelatedI Am A Student In The Master Of Divinity Program At Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary,1325 Words   |  6 PagesGod, and has established a desire to further explore theology in the academy. Therefore, I am applying to the Master of Theological Studies program, with a desire to focus on Theology and Ethics. I am seeking admission into this program to further my growth as a scholar and researcher of theology in the context of western media. Studying theology and social ethics at Garett-Evangelical has broadened my understanding of ethics relative to theology. The most important thing that I have learned is howRead MoreRomans And The Christian Worldview1546 Words   |  7 Pages Romans and the Christian Worldview Todd M. Lynch L25710767 BIBL 425 D01 08/15/2015 â€Æ' Romans and the Christian Worldview Introduction Paul’s letter to the Roman’s was an occasional epistle as opposed to a systematic theology. However, Paul did present the Gospel in a systematic way. He was writing to an unknown audience of Christian’s, so he made sure to explain himself thoroughly in all areas, more so than if he was writing to those who knew him or had heard him speak before. He wanted to giveRead MoreWho Is The Best Tool For Making Decisions And Guiding Actions?879 Words   |  4 Pages1. In the 11th grade, I took an ethics class at my Catholic, all-girl prep school. Although I have been taking religion classes on topics like the Bible, church history, Catholic Social Teaching for my entire life, it wasn’t until then that I sat in a religion class that I actually enjoyed and it wasn’t until then that I felt like I was learning useful information. My teacher, who had just graduated from Harvard Divinity School, knew so much and expanded our minds to entertain so many new ways of Read More Christians and the Environment Essays1243 Words   |  5 Pagesever-increasing pollution, the deforestation, and the threat of nuclear waste. Taking responsibility for the environment is a duty that Christians should commit to. In fact, Christians should lead the world in taking specific actions in the preservation and restoration of the environment. Some environmentalists have blamed Christianity for the abuse of the environment. The 1967 article by Lynn White suggests that Christianity’s theology of the domination of creation is based on the premise that God createdRead MorePlaying God s Footsteps : Synthetic Biology And The Meaning Of Life1067 Words   |  5 PagesSynthetic Biology and the Meaning of Life. By Henrik Van den Belt. In the article Playing God in Frankenstein’s Footsteps: Synthetic Biology and the Meaning of Life, published in Nanoethics in 2009, Professor of Reformed Theology Henk Van den Belt discusses bioethics and theology in the context of the meaning of life, as a scientific definition and as viewed and explained by religion and in society. The article analyses different views on creating/modifying synthetic life, and provides a comparativeRead MoreThe Renaissance Italian City Of Italy976 Words   |  4 Pagespainter and poet for the local Duke. As at a young age, Raphael started leaning basics of painting from his father. His father died when he was 11 years old. Even after the death of his father, Raphael never gave up on art. Working out of his father’s workshop, he improved his artistic skills. He was said to be the most talented artist in his town as of that time. When he turned 17 he moved to Perugia a city in Italy. While in Perugia he worked with Pietro Perugino an artist that had a huge reputationRead MoreThe Reformation and the Church Essay example1587 Words   |  7 PagesHigh Middle Age that was marked by the strong papacy of Pope Innocent III, to the Great Western Schism, which was a low point in papal history. The Church was in confusion and disarray when there were as many as three men claiming t o be pope. The Great Western Schism was a direct result of the Avignon Papacy when the popes resided in Avignon, France, under the thumb of the French king. The world had witnessed a Church hierarchy that had been corrupted. Nepotism had begun to creep into the hierarchyRead MoreSummary Of What Is Meant By Telling The Truth? 1220 Words   |  5 Pagestelling the truth is not just â€Å"brute fact† but rather â€Å"the real is to be expressed in words. That is what constitutes truthful speech.† It is in this second aspect were Bonhoeffer does not provide examples but rather principles. True to his belief that ethics needed to situated in specific time and place, he acknowledges that language changes and finding the ‘right’ words â€Å"always lies within the confines of the particular office which I discharge. If I overstep these limits my speech becomes importunateRead MoreMy Reflection On My Nursing School Journey861 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop throug hout my nursing career to be an effective health care provider and provide the best care possible to my patients. On of the things that I have learned from my time working as a nurse tech and in clinical is not being afraid to ask for help when you are unsure of something or need help with a patient. Not being afraid to seek help has made me a better care provider as well as helped me to become a better team member. What unique nursing tools do you bring to the nursing profession? The uniqueRead MoreWhat Is Statistic Ethical Practice?975 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is statistic ethical practice? One will have to explain what ethic means. It is a norm for conduct that differentiate between that which is acceptable and that which is unacceptable. It is the concept of knowing right from wrong. One must have a moral sense of value to do no harm and to remain fair and just. To maintain ethical practice, the problem should be stated and the question need to be asked is there a conflict of interest. The facts need to be checked and verified. Relevant information

Dickinson vs Whitman Essay - 611 Words

Dickinson vs Whitman Two Poets, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson are probably two of the most influential people in American poetry. They are regarded as the founders modern American poetry. Walt Whitman (1819-1892), for the time was breaking new ground with his diverse, energetic verse with regards to subject matter, form and style whether talking about overlooked objects in nature such as a single blade of grass or even our own hearing. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) while living a life of seclusion, never really leaving her birthplace, was very adventurous internally. She was well read in English literature, often deeply exploring her own thoughts. While Dickinson and Whitman are referred to as the founders of modern American†¦show more content†¦In Crossing Brooklyn Ferry Whitman attempts to transcend time and place, â€Å"The similitudes of the past and those of the future†. This becomes even more apparent when the second stanza is read, when he speaks of others, â €Å"Others will enter the gates of the ferry and cross from shore to shore, Others will watch the run of the flood-tide, Others will see the shipping of Manhattan north and west, and the heights of Brooklyn to the south and east. It is here that Whitman directly engages his audience and later he says, â€Å" Just as you feel when you look on the river and sky, so I felt†. He strives to break down boundaries, abolish differences, and eliminate separateness. Whitman is speaking directly to us, here and now, generations later. He is also quite clear on what direction he wants us to go as he maps it out smoothly with his words. Emily Dickinson, however, in contrast does not lay out such a clear path with her words. She plants them in the audiences’ mind instead, like a seed, where, when given some thought it will grow and possibly then be understood. After great pain, a formal feeling comes is a good example of how she is not quite as clear as Whitman is. She writes †Å"The stiff Heart questions was it he, that bore, And yesterday, or centuries before? The reader can not gain a sense of what exactly she is talking about. â€Å"This is the hour ofShow MoreRelated Dickinson Vs. Whitman Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pages Dickinson vs. Whitman After receiving five years of schooling, Walt Whitman spent four years learning the printing trade; Emily Dickinson returned home after receiving schooling to be with her family and never really had a job. Walt Whitman spent most of his time observing people and New York City. Dickinson rarely left her house and she didnt associate with many people other than her family. In this essay I will be comparing Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. Emily Dickinsons life differs greatlyRead MoreEssay about Whitman vs. Dickinson759 Words   |  4 PagesWhitman vs. Dickinson Death; termination of vital existence; passing away of the physical state. Dying comes along with a pool of emotions that writers have many times tried to explain. Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman were two pioneer poets from the Romantic Era, that introduced new, freer styles of writing to modern poetry at the time. Both Whitman and Dickinson have similar ideas in their writing, but each has a unique touch of expression in their works. Both poets have portrayed deathRead MoreThe Language of Protest in Shakespeare, Blake, Whitman, Dickinson, Frost, and Rich: Exterior vs. Interior Life1073 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The language of protest in Shakespeare, Blake, Whitman, Dickinson, Frost, and Rich: Exterior versus interior life William Shakespeares Hamlet, on its surface, is a play about a man avenging the death of his father. However, Shakespeare invests the play with a meaning that transcends its plot, despite the fact that it is a performed poetic drama. Even before he learns that his father was murdered, Hamlet is presented to the audience as a man who is depressed and angry at the world. Tis notRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s I Hear America Poem1314 Words   |  6 Pagesnot so much. We rewrote the Declaration of Independence, Walt Whitman s I Hear America poem, and argumentative essays, like out The Raven analysis. We also gave speeches– that was the hardest for me, in my previous English classes, none of them made me go in front of the class and present–, made infograph, and even a multigenre project. We also can’t forget the books we’ve read in class, like poems from Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, and novels from F. Scott Fitzgerald, and we can†™tRead MoreHistory Now1070 Words   |  5 PagesDue Date Tasks Friday, 2/3/2012 Begin Unit: Loyalty and Betrayal, Section A, Order and Chaos Order and Chaos: Introduction Section Warm-Up: Product Loyalty Loyalty vs. Betrayal Literary Elements: Symbolism Tutorial: Symbols and Symbolism Reading 1: Two Kinds, by Amy Tan Practice: Symbolism Loyalty and Betrayal Theme Quiz, 40 points Friday, 2/10/2012 Begin Unit: Loyalty and Betrayal, Section B, Context Context: Introduction Section Warm-Up: A Context Riddle Reading 2: from CommunistsRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesRevolution(1789—1799) Romantic vs. Neoclassic (1) Neoclassicism: - reason, order, elegant wit - rationalism of enlightenment in 18th-cent. Romanticism: - passion, emotion, natural beauty - imagination, mysticism, liberalism (freedom to express personal feelings) Romantic vs. Neoclassic (2) Innovation: - subjects: common life; the supernatural; the far away and the long ago - style: common language really used by men; poetic symbolism Romantic vs. Neoclassic(3) Good poetry

Disadvantages of using Renewable Energy-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Disadvantages of using Renewable Energy. Answer: Introduction The rapid growth of the technological advancements and the increasing needs for power has led to the rise of crisis situation sin the environment. the traditional methods through which power was used, the non-renewable sources, started depleting and the concern for the future generations has led to innovations that generated power for the industrial sectors and the common households. The most important consideration undertaken by the people while undertaking the sustainable approaches is based on the conservation of the power and the non-renewable sources. The technological advancements have led to the usage of the global statistics in order to analyze and understand the depletion that is being caused by the actions of the people and the organizations. The depletion of the natural resources, led to the serious discrepancies that are being faced by the people. The conservation of the non-renewable resources is therefore an attempt of sustaining the energy sources that are non-renewable in nature (Kristoferson Bokalders, 2013). The report, however, states the negative impacts of the usage of the renewable sources in the developing countries. It aims at differencing between the non-renewable and the renewable sources in order to justify the notion that the renewable sources must not be used by the developing economies. The growing awareness of the requirements of the application of the renewable sources of energy has led to the growth of the systems supporting the cause of the renewable sources. However, they might seem to be disadvantag eous for a developing country. The report enumerates the issues that are being faced by the developing countries while undertaking the practices of sustainable development. Te issues are being demonstrated with the help of the arguments and the counter arguments and lastly a critical review of the content that is being presented. Issue 1: High costs of installation The higher costs of installation of the renewable sources of energy leave limited scope with the developing nation to undertake and facilitate the sustainable approach. The higher costs of installation do not facilitate the usage of the renewable sources (Devabhaktuni et al., 2013). Moreover, expenditure that is being undertaken by the nation is based on the demography and the social structure. it is also based on the economic condition of the nation (Quaschning, 2016). The most important step undertaken by the nations is determining the per capita income of the nations through which the affordability of the step and its implementation can be understood. The majority of the people might not afford the higher costs of installation and therefore the implementation of the renewable resources is a matter of concern for the developing countries. On the other hand, the implementation of the renewable sources helps the nation in reducing the costs incurred in order to supply power to the people. In certain developing countries like Romania, nuclear power projects are being undertaken in order to supply the nation with the most required electricity. Nuclear plants make use of Uranium, which is a non-renewable source (Wstenhagen Menichetti, 2012). Therefore, the excessive use of uranium depletes the uranium contents in the atmosphere. The most important consideration undertaken by the nations in developing and empowering the mass production of power results to their reliability on the non-renewable sources of the energy (Refer to Appendice 1). Approximately the cost of one kilogram of Uranium is around $7 million. In this cost, the country could have installed different renewable sources like the wind power or the hydro power plants (Espinosa et al., 2012). The ineffectiveness of the plants is due to the excessive demand for po wer that is being faced by the nation. The demography and the economic structure of the nation play an important role in the installation of the renewable sources. The renewable sources help in making a sustainable approach to the growth of the nations. Therefore, an important phenomenon must be undertaken by the nations in order to support their respective eco-friendly approach. However, the higher costs of installation hinder the growth of the national progress. The most important consideration undertaken by the nations are based on meeting the requirements of the people. The increased population of the nations has supported the cause of their respective demands (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). The demographic control and the steps that are being undertaken by the developing nations have brought in stability in their approaches. Although, the installation of the renewable sources of generating energy is not being undertaken by the nations due to the limited supply of power based on the demand. The renewable sources of energy have helped in the evolution of the power in the nations, which will not be based on the non-renewable sources. However, the excessive cost of installation of the renewable sources discourages the nations to undertake steps in order to implement the ideas of sustenance. The rise in the energy consumption has been correlated with the increase in the demand for the energy (Chu Majumdar, 2012). Therefore, in order to supply the people with the required amount of energy, the developing nations undertake steps in order to use the non-renewable sources. The output of the renewable sources of energy is again an important consideration that must be undertaken while understanding the deficit in the values of the power. Issue 2: Lack of reliability The installation of the renewable sources helps in the undertaking of the proper sustenance. However, the developing nations face difficulties in the installation process based on the factors of reliability. The reliability on the usage of the renewable sources is based on the availability of power and the lesser use of non-renewable sources from the environment. The lack of reliability is based on the concepts of the change that the nations must undertake. However, the applicability of the renewable resources is based on the demographic structure and the demand of the developing nations (Ellabban, Abu-Rub Blaabjerg, 2014). The problems that are being faced by the nations are based on the criteria of the supply of the power to the people. Apart from the fact that the usage of the renewable sources helps in reducing the carbon emissions in the atmosphere, the reliability of the sources plays a major role while undertaking the understanding of the situations of the nation. The most reliable source of energy can be counted on the empowerment of the geothermal energy, which is a renewable source and thereby helps in reducing the depletion of the resources from the atmosphere (Centi, Quadrelli Perathoner, 2013). On the other hand, the applicability of the geothermal energy sources requires huge funding and investment that are required to be undertaken by the nations government. It is based on the economic condition of the nation (Refer to Appendice 2). Therefore, the applicability of the renewable sources is based on the fair returns of the energy sources on the investments that are being undertaken. Waterpower, on the other hand, is estimated to provide 16% of the worlds energy through its rapid growth in different developing and developed countries. The installation of the turbines requires an investment though, but the source is being preferred by the countries that funds the growth of the hydropower projects. On the other hand, the lower productivity of the power that is being supplied through the undertaking of the project discourages the growth of the renewable sources (Twidell Weir, 2015). Wind power, on the other hand provides power to the people but the excessive demand of power could not be controlled and adhered by the systems and therefore, most of the nations apply the wind power in the windy areas in order to maximize the use of the resource. The most important issue that are being faced by the developing nations are based on the accessibility and the effectiveness of the measures in order to raise the quotient of their output in the sectors (Brenton, Edwards-Jones Jensen, 2015). Conclusion Therefore, from the above analysis it can be stated that the usage of the renewable resources is an important consideration that must be taken by the nations in order to sustain their resources. However, in order to cope up with the basic requirements of the people regarding the utilization of power, the nations have to undertake steps in order to use the non-renewable sources. The applicability of the renewable resources is based on the higher costs of installation and the lack of reliability of the resources in supporting the demands of the people. The most important step undertaken by the nations are based on the requirements of the power and thereby the supply of the power in the sectors for the smooth functioning. Moreover, the per-capita income of the people of the nation is also a considerable factor while undertaking the investments by the governing bodies of the nation. The sustainable approach of the nations should be backed by the potentiality of the developing nations to undertake steps in order to promote the usage of the renewable sources of energy. The most important consideration undertaken by the nations is based on the applicability and the potential benefits that the nation derives from the transition of the usability of power by the nation. It is based on the demands and the supply and also determines the costs of undertaking the change. References Brenton, P., Edwards-Jones, G., Jensen, M. F. (2015). Carbon labelling and low-income country exports: a review of the development issues. InINTERNATIONAL TRADE, DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT: Empirical Studies of Trade Policies(pp. 393-417). Centi, G., Quadrelli, E. A., Perathoner, S. (2013). Catalysis for CO 2 conversion: a key technology for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries.Energy Environmental Science,6(6), 1711-1731. Chu, S., Majumdar, A. (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future.nature,488(7411), 294-303. Devabhaktuni, V., Alam, M., Depuru, S. S. S. R., Green, R. C., Nims, D., Near, C. (2013). Solar energy: Trends and enabling technologies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,19, 555-564. Ellabban, O., Abu-Rub, H., Blaabjerg, F. (2014). Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,39, 748-764. Espinosa, N., Hsel, M., Angmo, D., Krebs, F. C. (2012). Solar cells with one-day energy payback for the factories of the future.Energy Environmental Science,5(1), 5117-5132. Jnicke, M. (2012). Green growth: From a growing eco-industry to economic sustainability.Energy Policy,48, 13-21. Kristoferson, L. A., Bokalders, V. (2013).Renewable energy technologies: their applications in developing countries. Elsevier. Lee, S., Speight, J. G., Loyalka, S. K. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Quaschning, V. (2016).Understanding renewable energy systems. Routledge. Twidell, J., Weir, T. (2015).Renewable energy resources. Routledge. Wstenhagen, R., Menichetti, E. (2012). Strategic choices for renewable energy investment: Conceptual framework and opportunities for further research.Energy Policy,40, 1-10.

Madonna And Child Essays - Nude Art, Small Cowper Madonna

Madonna And Child Madonna and Child The subject matter of Madonna and Child was a very popular one for artists of the sixteenth century. Raphael painted numerous versions of the Madonna and Child. He portrayed what seems to be a loving, warm relationship between mother and child, a lifelike Christ child, and serenity within his paintings. The differences between the views of the artist on the portrayal of Madonna and Child can clearly be seen through the artists use of color, backgrounds in which the figures are placed, the poses of the figures and their relationships to one another. The subject of Madonna and Child is one that is highly emotional. Raphael, in his paintings, The Small Cowper Madonna illustrates a very intense feeling of love between the Virgin and Child and a feeling of content with the love that the mother and child share. The Small Cowper Madonna the Virgin is looking at her son with an expression that seems very tranquil. She is almost smiling yet at the same time praying. At the same time, the Child seems totally comfortable with this mother. He looks out at the viewer with a visionary, yet amiable gaze, showing his carefree, comfortable state of mind, as any happy toddler would have. The Small Cowper Madonna the Virgin holds her child very close to her body and the Child holds onto his mother in return. The two figures seem totally at ease with one and other. Raphael's Small Cowper Madonna the Christ-child is depicted as a chubby baby with rosy cheeks and wide eyes, the way most healthy children appear. The Child has turned his head, and has linked his arms around his mother, giving an image of movement in the child. His gesture is a very natural one; each body part looks comfortable and well supported. The vision portrayed can be comparable to any portrait of a child of his age. The distinction that could be made about Raphaels works is the level of passiveness that the Child is portraying. Arts and Paintings

Operations Management in Southwest Airlines

Introduction Southwest Airlines was founded in 1976 and has its base at Dallas. The company has grown so much since its inception (Lee and Maxton, 2000). It is now serving fifty-nine airports and has three hundred and eighty one planes in operation. This expansion is ongoing and it is expected to grow further (Oldham, 1996). Southwest Airlines is well known for its number of offers and its uniqueness among other known airlines.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management in Southwest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These offers include the lowest fares among other airlines, its low costs, having the best labor relations, the level of asset usage that surpasses the rest and paying the highest wages to its staff. It seems to offer the best in everything! To some, the success of the company may be thought to have come from some malpractice from the side of management but in the contrary, everyth ing practiced there is legit. These are among the strategies that the airline has employed in order to achieve its success. It has also targeted and concentrated on markets that have been disregarded by other airlines as being unimportant. This paper will analyze the service delivery (and manufacturing process), identify what should be done to improve these processes and discuss the reasons why the Southwest Airlines is successful (Compart, 2009). Service delivery and manufacturing process One thing Southwest Airlines is known for in terms of service delivery is its very low fares. This has been made possible by the fact that the airline has targeted the middle-sized airports and hence experiences less competition. Less congestion in the airport also implies that service is fast. This helps eliminating queuing for services hence customer satisfaction (Blanco and Shimoda, 2005). The airline offers fares at competitive rates, provides swift and efficient service and hence encourages t ravelers to shift from other modes of transport including trains and vehicles to using air travel. This has led to the success of the airline in increasing the numbers of its passengers, which is one of the goals of the company. The company respects the customer’s choice and a passenger is allowed to leave the airport when they so desire. They operate more like buses. The passengers get to choose what time to leave and it is not the airline’s choice. This makes it very reliable and flexible and hence a choice for many.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another aspect that makes the services attractive is the fact that the hustle of getting ticket reservation and collection is eliminated. People only need to swipe their cards at a dispenser and it takes only about twenty seconds before they are good to go. Another advantage of boarding the Southwest Airlines is t hat there are no connection flights. This also means that there is no need to transfer baggage. This eliminates the hustles and bustles associated with other airlines. The airline has clearly defined its niche as being the commuters since such people usually need to go places for particular reasons and need to do so as quick as possible and with the least distractions as possible. Reasons for company’s success One of the reasons for the success of Southwest Airlines can be attributed to its great management, courtesy of its president and founder, Herb Kelleher. This leader has been very inspirational and has influenced the company by maintaining a good working environment. He also created strong and lasting culture at the workplace. The other reason for its success is the fact that the activities in the company, since inception, have been based on some specific success principles. The airline also readily embraces change but at the same time, tries to avoid change in order to avoid some risks. Some of its basic strategies employed when the company is considering change include those that specifically touch on either cutting its costs or increasing the number of its passengers. Among its strategies in fighting off competition with other big airlines is the employment of what may be referred to as a guerilla war. This involves being anywhere but where the other airlines are. This is the reason why the airline is situated far from where the other airlines are. This included targeting airports and routes that were avoided by other airlines. They stayed apart and maintained routes located far from the overused airports. The airports mainly targeted by the airlines include the middle-sized ones.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management in Southwest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy of choosing mid-sized airports means that the airline faces less competi tion in terms of fares, faces less traffic and less congestion. With these conditions, the airline can easily compete with the other airlines by offering faster service and lower prices compared to the rest. Most of the flights by the company are short distance flights, which is avoided by other airlines. However, this strategy has worked for the airline since – in most of the airports it operates – it is the airlines with the largest number of passengers. Southwest Airlines has been identified for having the ability to enter a market and making it very profitable (Kaiser, 1997; Maxton, 1996). One example is given of a case where the airline established a new route between Oakland and Burbank in order to avoid other existing busy and congested routes (Mutzabaugh, 2011). Using its cheap fares, it was able to attract many passengers and made the route the 21st busiest, rising from the previous 200th position. Southwest Airlines has been regarded as not only competing wit h the airlines but with all other modes of transport including road and rail since they offer short trip flights (short-haul commuting). Another strategy employed by the airlines to ensure its success is the lack of a central base. There is no particular center of operations and its routes form a kind of a network that resembles a spider web. This way, the airline avoids the risks of being vulnerable to competition and consequently losing market. Southwest Airlines avoids several costs incurred by other airlines. One of them is the cost of selling tickets through agents since there is the payment of agents’ commissions. Another is the avoiding of costs incurred with the installation of computerized systems required to process reservations and other customer services.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To cut down on costs incurred in maintenance of aircrafts, Southwest Airlines invested on only one type of aircraft. This is the Boeing 737. This ensures the maintenance practices are made standard (Ivanovich, 2008). The airline also works with new aircraft rather than maintain old fleet that is not fuel-efficient (Lunsford, 2008; Koenig, 2005). Kelleher, the founder, has contributed a lot to the success of the company by leading by example. He has practiced the art of employee motivation and made the working environment conducive. When an employee works over time, Kelleher goes there in person to thank him or her. This way, he maintains good relationships with the employees. Once in a while, he goes and works with the employees, serving drinks, moving baggage and selling tickets in order to lead by example instead of leading by direction. Another aspect that the company employs in order to be successful is the involvement of the customers. The customers are allowed to give feedback about the services and this helps the company to make adjustments where needed. Both the manager and the employers make a point of interacting with the clients at a more personal way and the staff members are often known by their first names by the customers. This allows them to report about their likes and dislikes about the staff and this gives the company good grounds on dealing with any form of misconduct. Thousands of letters stream into the company’s office every month and the company takes every issue very seriously and answers all of them (Sartain, 1998). What should be done to improve the services Too much has been done by the company already and that explains why it is very successful. It has exploited every aspect of service delivery and has succeeded in making an impact both within and without the company. I would only recommend that the company with the same team spirit and hard work. Conclusion Southwest Airlines is a company that has grown over the many years and has been one of the most successful airlines around. This success has been attributed to many factors, some of them including the good management, good working conditions and good working principles. The customer service is amazing and this has led many customers to choose Southwest Airlines. References Blanco, C Shimoda, N 2005. Airlines hedging strategies: The shareholder value perspective. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Compart, A 2009. Southwest offers $170 Million for frontiers, The McGraw-Hill, New York. Ivanovich, D 2008. ‘Inspector: Southwest’s FAA ties let planes fly with cracks’, Houston Chronicles, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12-15. Kaiser, R 1997. ‘Southwest may add cities to Iceland deal’, Baltimore Business Journal, vol. 15, no.1, p 131. Koenig, D 2005. ‘Airlines that hedged against fuel costs reap benefits’, The Washington Post, 21 October, p. 3. Lee, C Maxton, T 2000. ‘Southwest to announce expansion at the Love Fields $72 million project would add jobs, but no more flights’, The Dallas Morning News, 13 March, p.2. Lunsford, J 2008. ‘Airlines dip into hot water to save jet fuel’, Wall Street Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp 102-107. Maxton, T 1996. ‘Council OKs Southwest land lease Headquarters addition, training center planned’, The Dallas Morning News, 14 March, p. 4. Mutzabaugh, B 2011. ‘Oakland gets Mexico City nonstop on Volaris’, USA Today, 22 August, p.1. Oldham, J 1996. ‘Southwest Airlines expands its corporate headquarters to prepare for the next century’, Business Wire, 11 December, p.7. Sartain, L 1998. ‘Why and how Southwest Airlines uses consultants’, Journal of Management consulting, vol.21, no.3, pp.10-16. This report on Operations Management in Southwest Airlines was written and submitted by user Kayden Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

black bears essays

black bears essays The presentation given on the black bears on April Second was generally to me at least too appeared almost fake. I didnt understand how he says they wouldnt attack you, and its just a bluff charge, when just this year a woman in Boonton was attacked as well as her dog by a black bear. I did realize more however upon how much we had imposed our selves on them. If I were a bear I would have attacked back or pushed back as well. It appeared that many of the people in there took this issue to heart, for example the salt and murdering man in the very beginning, though some of the people in there were stricken with ambivalency during his presentation. I see no wrong in hunting a bear, be it may a simple task you dont have make it one. The man who gave the presentation was refereed to as the Jane Goodwill of the bears, I see where they would have gotten that impression, I though that he was very knowledgeable about the Black Bear. While I was sitting down the woman in front of me said, Im so glad to see you young kids hear because you people are who this really will matter to and affect...also you are the ones that can help.... That didnt really click though until after the entire presentation, honestly I thought that she was some weird environmental lady. The presentation closed out more or less with the bear were here first, they wont try to conflict with your life but sometimes they will and well have to deal with that responsibly and respectfully and so will I. ...

What Kind of Diet Would Prolong a Healthy Life Essay

What Kind of Diet Would Prolong a Healthy Life - Essay Example He then beat all odds to live a long, productive and full life, well into his nineties; some sources claim that he died a centenarian. His writings recording his lifestyle are both interesting and illuminating. (Day - website) As for vegetarianism - this has become a way of life, as part of religious practice among several communities in the East. Buddhism advocates vegetarianism; the adherents of Jainism - a religion whose followers are mainly confined to western India - are vegetarian;(Culture Cuisine) some Hindus are lacto-vegetarian (taking milk and milk products, but not eating fowl/ fish)1, or ovo-lacto-vegetarian (eating eggs as well)2. Even before the recent interest displayed in vegetarian diets in the West, there have been several well-known advocates of the vegetarian way of life as both moral and healthy (e.g. Pythagoras - Greek mathematician, and George Bernard Shaw) (Melwani 2006) In the US, dieting became popular (starting of diet 'fads') with the Hollywood diet of the 1930's. This diet better known as the grapefruit diet involved eating only 585 calories per day, for 18 days including "only grapefruit, hard boiled eggs, green vegetables and melba toast." (Marples - website) Saccharine, a sugar substitute was introduced in 1958, and Aspartame in 1981. In 1919, the Continental Scale Company manufactured the first bathroom scales, and in 1942 the Metropolitan Insurance Company started using weight tables to decide insurance premiums - the closer you were to your ideal weight, the lower the premium. (Marples- website) The Atkins Diet (AD) was introduced in 1972, with the publication of Dr. Atkins' 'Diet Revolution'. This diet received quite a bit of criticism, as its methodology was contrary to the 'expertspeak' of the day. It recommended almost a complete cutting down of carbohydrates, and eating only protein and fat. A few vegetables, but only in small doses, were permitted, as veggies also contain carbs. (Marples-website) Let's look how the Atkins' Plan, as stated by Atkins, works. There are four phases in the operation of the AD. Anyone can commence using it by starting from any one phase and going on to the next. But it is advisable to start from Phase 1, as this phase "jump start(s) your weight loss". (The New Look of Nutrition Phase 1) The first phase is the induction phase of 14 days, when significant weight loss is achieved by reducing the consumption of carbohydrates drastically. A dieter is permitted to have only 20 grams of net carbs (total carb grams less fibre grams) from salad vegetables. All types of non-vegetarian food is permitted - fowl, fish, shellfish, eggs and cheese. Here, there are some restrictions depending on the exact calorie count of these. (For instance, mussels and oysters contain some carbs, so this should be factored in before having them). Artificial sweeteners (like spenta) are permitted, but their carb value should be considered, and added in the computation of total carbs. A total of 8 glasses of water are to be drunk, over and above any other liquids. Anyone with a coffee addiction should give it up and only decaffeinated drinks should be taken. Oils like olive oil, canola or safflower are permitted. No fruit, bread, pasta or starchy vegetables, and no nuts or seeds, nor legumes, whic h combine protein and carbohydrates, can be had. Have three meals daily or have several smaller meals; in any case, don't go for more than 6 hours without eating. Ensure not to get constipated. If you do, take psyllium husk in

Effects of Temperature on Potato Catalase Activity Essay

Effects of Temperature on Potato Catalase Activity - Essay Example In most cases, the catalase enzyme reacts with the hydrogen peroxide thus converting it into water and oxygen. To determine the effects of temperature on potato catalase, an experiment was done. To begin with, the potato was grated using a nutmeg grater while making sure that the grated surface frequently is exposed to the calcium carbonate. Thereafter, grinding of the pulp in a mortar, which had some quartz sand for about two minutes, was done. The pulp extract was placed in between an absorbent cotton and cheesecloth to get rid of the water. Thereafter, it was placed in a glass bottle with cold water. This was followed by placing it in a water bath at 200C. Five cubic centimeters of Oakland together with a three percent hydrogen peroxide was added immediately the mixture attained the water bath temperature. Shaking should continue to make sure the effect covers the whole mixture. In most experiments the catalase enzyme is destroyed at temperatures ranging between 660 C and 780 C. however, in a situation involving a potato catalase enzyme, destruction begins at 500 C. There is a correlation in the VANT HOFF velocity coefficient for hemase (Bunzell & Kenyon, 1933). It reads 1.5 in the potato catalase between 0 and 100 C. temperatures above 200 C already start to destroy the catalase enzyme, which in conjunction with the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide makes it difficult to keep the enzymes alive. This is because of the real and total destruction that happens to the catalase enzyme. Hydrogen impurities do not hinder its destruction even under medium temperatures. In the experiment, it is very clear that temperature is the independent variable while both the potato and hydrogen peroxide are the dependant variables. They are dependent on temperature of which has to take place in the glass bottle or a test tube in that matter. The amount of hydrogen peroxide,

SOC 111 LS1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SOC 111 LS1 - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was an individual who was a very close business associate with my father who I will identify as Mr. X. For reasons unbeknownst to me, Mr. X was as excellent sales associate and had a very successful professional career; however it is the case that this individual had a very task oriented/problem solving orientation when it came to personal matters. I knew Mr. X personally and (Successful as he may be) had a lot of difficulties in his social life and in general terms he was not a pleasant person to be around in social circumstances. Despite these problems Mr. X had been happily married until his wife suffered a brain aneurysm and passed away quite suddenly. Newly widowed, Mr. X had a great deal of difficulty in dealing with his grief and began to see much of his personal life spiraling out of control. As it is the case that most issues in Mr. X’s professional life were viewed as being a task oriented it could be the case that h e looked at his grief as a problem that he was trying to solve. It comes as no surprise that there was no solution to Mr. X’s Grief, and it was the case that he started to see his professional life start to decline as well, and around this time Mr. X was began battling with problematic drinking. On the advice of his work colleagues (Including my father), Mr. X started seeing a therapist. As I highlighted earlier, Mr. X always had a task oriented personality and by being active in his routines (Typically work routines) Mr. X on a personal level was in general terms happier. Mr.X was simply unable to handle the problem of his grief, and by failing in this aspect of his life it started to negatively affect other parts of his life and he was on track to seeing his life spiral out of control. The advice of the therapist was to simply not view his grief as some sort of failure on his behalf and from a stregnths based perspective his

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chromium Complexes

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chromium Complexes Chromium is one of the transition metal in periodic table that is known for its ability in improving one’s health condition by preventing diseases and gives treatment. However in human body, only very small amounts of chromium are required and they are often regarded as the essential trace element in human body. Back in 1950s, the uses of chromium as nutritional and medical enhancement to glucose metabolism was started when brewer’s yeast was suggested to contain a glucose tolerance factor (GTF) that prevented diabetes in experimental animals. (Schwarz k, Mertz W, 1959). It was only then this factor finally taken into consideration to be a biologically active form of trivalent chromium that could substantially lower the plasma glucose levels in diabetic mice based on studied done by Tuman RW and Doisy RJ in 1977. According to Fernando Guerrero and Martha Rodriguez-Moran, 2005, trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential trace element required for the maintenance of normal glucose and fat metabolism. Because chromium potentiates the action of insulin, it was named from its recognition in the late 1950s as the glucose tolerance factor term that emphasizes its importance in glucose metabolism. Chromium is present in many foods, especially in liver, Brewer’s yeast, American cheese, w heat germ, vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, broccoli, and spinach, and is also present in alfalfa, brown sugar, molasses, dried beans, nuts, seeds, mushrooms, and animal fats. An organically dynamic type of chromium takes part in glucose digestion system by improving the impacts of insulin. Insulin is produced by particular cells in the pancreas in light of increasing blood glucose levels, for example, after eating. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the surface of cells, which actuates the receptors and invigorates glucose uptake by cells. Blood glucose levels are prevented from being elevated when insullin interact with insulin receptors whereby insulin will provides cells with glucose. Apart from affecting carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism, metabolism of fat and protein is also influnced by insulin. Impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes which is also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus may occur as the consequences of decrease response to insulin or decreased insulin sensitivity. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. The precise structure of the biologically active form of chromium is not known. Recent research suggests that a low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr) may enhance the response of the insulin receptor to insulin. The following is a proposed model for the effect of chromium on insulin action. First, the inactive form of the insulin receptor is converted to the active form by binding insulin. The binding of insulin by the insulin receptor stimulates the movement of chromium into the cell and results in binding of chromium to apoLMWCr, a form of the LMWCr that lacks chromium. Once it binds chromium, the LMWCr binds to the insulin receptor and enhances its tyrosine kinase activity. The ability of the LMWCr to activate the insulin receptor is dependent on its chromium content. The LMWCr may be released from the cell in order to terminate its effects when insulin levels drop due to normalization of blood glucose levels. More recent studies have indicated that chromium enhances insulin action by increasing the insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporters to the cell membrane (Chen G, Liu P, Pattar GR, et al, 2006). Apart from type 2 diabetes, effects of chromium supplementation on gestational diabetes had also been examined. Gestational diabetes occurs in about 2% of pregnant women and usually appears in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Adverse effects on the developing fetus must be prevent by tightly control the blood glucose levels in the body. Glucose tolerance usually turns back to normal after delivery. However, according to study, 30% to 40% of women who have had gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 5 to 10 years. An observational study in pregnant women did not find serum chromium levels to be associated with measures of glucose tolerance or insulin resistance in late pregnancy, although serum chromium levels may not reflect tissue chromium levels. Women with gestational diabetes whose diets were supplemented with 4 mcg of chromium per kilogram of body weight daily as chromium picolinate for eight weeks had decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels com pared with those who took a placebo. However, insulin therapy rather than chromium picolinate was required to normalize severely elevated blood glucose levels. Trivalent compounds (Cr III) do not cause any serious damage to body tissue, in fact, it is an important component of a balanced human and animal diet and its deficiency is detrimental to the glucose and lipid metabolism in mammals. The limitation of chromium in its application in human health is that it may cause different side effect to different person. The controversy surrounding chromium supplementation is due to the variability of the results gain from the evaluation of the effect of chromium in patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Some of them experienced positive improvement but some are only indicate little or no benefit at all. Most of the concerns regarding the long-term safety of chromium supplementation arise from several studies in cell culture, suggesting chromium (III), especially in the form of chromium picolinate, may increase DNA damage. Several studies have demonstrated the safety of daily doses of up to 1,000 mcg of chromium for several months. However, t here have been a few isolated reports of serious adverse reactions to chromium picolinate. Kidney failure was reported five months after a six-week course of 600 mcg of chromium/day in the form of chromium picolinate, while kidney failure and impaired liver function were reported after the use of 1,200-2,400 mcg/day of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate over a period of four to five months. Individuals with pre-existing kidney or liver disease may be at increased risk of adverse effects and should limit supplemental chromium intake. In addition, the use of the supplements of chromium over a prolonged period of time may result in a risk of chromium poisoning. This is due to chromium’s nuclear affinity, tending to result in its accumulation within cells. High doses of chromium which is about 600-2400 ÃŽ ¼g will makes rare side effects may occur such as damage to the liver, kidney, and bone marrow as well as rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric disturbances in some cases. The y have also been related to chromosomal damage and increased incidence of cervical arch defects as they are capable of cleaving DNA. Similar complex coumpound with Chromium Chromium vs vandium and zinc Apart of chromium, other transition metal that is found to have ability to be used as anti diabetic agent is vanadium and zinc. More than 2 8% of world’s population is suffering from diabetes (Wild et al., 2004). It is a condition in which body do not produce a hormone called insulin which is necessary for the absorption of glucose in cells (Rother, 2007). Scientists are looking for alternative approaches for the treatment of diabetes (Nahas et al., 2009). The glucose level in the blood plasma is controlled by uses of vanadium and zinc in form of inorganic salts. Research shows that undesireable side effets often associated with the elements that are poorly absorbed in their organic forms and required high doses. Research has been conducted to prove that vanadium complexes with organic ligands to be less toxic with improved solubility and lipophilicity. Thera are a few number of vanadium complex which posses the insulin-mimetic properties that have been produced. The molecular mechanism responsible for the insulin-like effects of vanadium compounds have been shown to involve the activation of several key components of insulin-signaling pathways. It is interesting that the vanadium effect on these signaling systems is independent of insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, but it is associated with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes but do not show any significant effect on glucose metabolism in healthy individuals. Higher zinc intake has also been associated with a slightly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Besides chromium and vanadium, there is also a strong connection between zinc and insulin. In fact, people with diabetes frequently have lower levels of zinc than those without diabetes. One reason for this is that diabetics tend to have increased excretion of zinc. Additionally, high blood sugar levels create significant oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants has been shown to help improve oxidation, while also enhancing the body’s response to insulin. Unfortunately, the risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetics is more difficult to address. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death among people with type 2 diabetes. This, of course, is due in large part to obesity, but also to risk factors such as high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, and an imbalanced ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol. Like chromium and vanadium, the body also can’t make zinc, so it must be taken from food sources. Zinc is stored in the muscles, blood cells, retina of the eye , skin, bone, kidney, liver, pancreas, and in men, prostate. Interestingly, zinc has long been an ingredient used in â€Å"older† insulins, such as Regular, NPH, and Lente. Zinc is also necessary for the formation of insulin in the pancreas’s beta cells. For these reasons, researchers have looked at the role of zinc supplementation in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Research shows that zinc, an essential trace element responsible for over 300 enzyme functions, can aid in normalizing the negative effects of diabetes mellitus. According to the study, zinc has been shown to mitigate the harmful effects of diabetes by improving glycemic control in type I and type II diabetes. Many of the enzyme systems in which zinc is a necessity for are involved with the metabolism of blood sugar, and therefore make zinc a natural catalyst for insulin secretion. The pancreas is an endocrine gland responsible for producing hormones like glucagon, somatostatin, and insulin. The beta cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas are also highly stored with zinc. The beta cells will suffer without the high concentrations of zinc. Fortunately, beta cells are equipped with their own special transporter called zinc transporter 8, which makes it easy for the beta cells to store the zinc. However, it is known that any metamorphosis of the genes in the zinc transporter 8 causes type 2 diabetes. It is also now known that antibodies against the zinc transporter are present in type 1 diabetic patients, which means that these antibodies are associated with type 1 diabetes. It is no wonder why zinc is as popular as it is for supplementation. In addition to mending the difficulties brought on by diabetes, zinc also serves to maintain a healthy immune system, controls hair loss, halts impotence, improves brain function, prevents loss of taste or smell, and much more. References Guerrero-Romero, F.; Rodrà ­guez-Morà ¡n, M. (2005). Complementary Therapies for Diabetes: The Case for Chromium, Magnesium, and Antioxidants. Archives of Medical Research 36 (3): 250–257 Massey, P. (2013). Diabetes and the Role of Dietary Supplements. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Diabetes. pp. 17–94. Schwarz K, Mertz W: Chromium (III) and the glucose tolerance factor. Arch Biochem Biophys 85: 292–295, 1959 Tuman RW, Doisy RJ: Metabolic effects of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF) in normal and genetically diabetic mice. Diabetes 26:820–826, 1977 Vincent JB. Elucidating a biological role for chromium at a molecular level. Acc Chem Res. 2000;33(7):503-510. Chen G, Liu P, Pattar GR, et al. Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20(4):857-870. Pattar GR, Tackett L, Liu P, Elmendorf JS. Chromium picolinate positively influences the glucose transporter system via affecting cholesterol homeostasis in adipocytes cultured under hyperglycemic diabetic conditions. Mutat Res. 2006;610(1-2):93-100 Wang H, Kruszewski A, Brautigan DL. Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase. Biochemistry. 2005;44(22):8167-8175.

History of Computers: Microsoft Windows :: Computers Software Technology Essays

History of Computers: Microsoft Windows Every time I turn on my Dell computer the screen pops up that says loading Windows XP software. My roommate turns on her computer and it says the same thing, as with most people on my floor. Today this seems to be the trend with most computers no matter what brand of hardware. This was not always the case though, Windows software is actually a fairly new technology that has grown much over the years and continues to develop and change even today. I wouldn know where I would be without my Windows software, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc. This software is important in so many lives and companies today that it would be hard to imagine a time without it. Windows software was not always as popular as it is today. It took a lot of work to develop this complex software. Let start by taking a brief look back on the major software before Windows, to fully understand why Microsoft Windows gradually became a total hit. Before Microsoft Windows there was MS-DOS. MS-DOS was a highly complicated operating system that often frustrated its users and was difficult to learn. Interaction with the operating system was by command line interference. Every command had to be typed in exactly right and the system was case sensitive (Campbell-Kelly 264). If anything was incorrect in the command line, then the whole command had to be retyped (264). Not only did this prove to be frustrating, but once you got the hang of this type of command typing, you would go use another program and the command set would be totally different. There were not standard interference commands and therefore every company made theirs different (265). With the hope of inventing something better than MS-DOS, in 1985 Windows 1.0 was finally released after a preemptive marketing announcement three years earlier (Rojas 828). Windows 1.0 was not well received and was no where near the capabilities of the Macintosh software which offered clear graphics and fonts. Windows 1.0 still had many of the same type of problems encountered with MS-DOS (History of Microsoft Windows).

Brennaz

I have chosen to investigate the question Which of the qualities shown by an entrepreneur has most contributed to the success of their business? An entrepreneur Is a person who sets up a business, taking on financial risks In the hope of profit. Entrepreneurs need a lot of qualities In order to succeed In a business. An entrepreneur needs to be determined, persuasive, he also needs to use his Annihilative, be a good leader, a good decision maker and a good risk taker. I chose to use ‘manmade newsagents' as the business I wanted to investigate. Manmade Newsagents is a successful corner shop in Compton, Plymouth.They make money through a variety of ways such as selling food and drink, but the main way they make money Is by selling newspapers. They hire 30 paper boys at a time, who Individually deliver an average of 45 papers every morning. The owner of this shop is Graham Lam, a willing worker who is always happy to lend a helping hand and to make quick decisions, the workers at the shop say he is always happy and keeps the mood upbeat by making cups of tea often for the workers and allowing workers to have free food from the shop on certain occasions such as birthdays.The different entrepreneurial skills a business owner such as Graham needs are as listed: Determination – http://tolerance. Reference. Com/browse/determination Leadership – http://hob. Org/2004/01/watchmakers-leader/AR/1 Risk Taker An individual or business that tends to behave in a way that can potentially cause physical harm or financial loss, but might also present an opportunity for a rewarding outcome. Most business types that thrive on innovation will encourage a risk taker mentality among management to help support the creative process in other staff members.Source: http://www. Objectifications. Com/definition/risk-taker. HTML) Graham Lam used great leadership skills in order to succeed in his business. He did this by motivating staff on a regular basis, often offering a free compliment to those workers who he felt had impressed him over the course of the week, this seemed to work so he carried on doing It. The commitment and enthusiasm of a business leader shapes the common goals of the organization which provides inspiration and motivation for people to perform at a high level.When I asked his kills; 87% said yes and the other 13% said it didn't help them at all. To succeed with a business you must be a good leader, this keeps the people working for you organized and in order. A good leader is one Who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way Noon C. Maxwell). In a competitive business environment, effective leadership is an essential requirement in order to achieve organizational goals. To do this, leaders must be able to provide inspiration, motivation and clear direction to their team.

Academic Bill of Rights; David Horowitz

Academic Bill of Rights; David Horowitz Free Online Research Papers In the past, intellectual pluralism and academic freedom have been highly valued central principles shared and upheld by most universities. However, in recent years many conservative activists and college students alike have begun to express concern that these principles have faded and are no longer respected by many professors. In 2003, in attempt to solve this problem one activist, David Horowitz, constructed and proposed a new Academic Bill of Rights (ABR) be implemented into universities. Horowitz’ ABR is based upon the concept that there are no limits to human knowledge and therefore no principle un-open to objection. The document is composed of eight tenets which aim to eliminate strong-minded professors from force-feeding vulnerable students their political views while instead creating fair and comfortable environments for students to learn in. Horowitz’ ABR should be implemented into universities in order to assure equal learning environments that ensure all students are able to reach their full potential without the persuasion of others. Perhaps one of the ABR’s most valuable philosophies is that academic growth progresses when students are able to take what they’ve learned and use it develop their own opinions. If professors are biased in their presentations and lessons in class students aren’t able to fully comprehend the subject on all levels. Just like a puzzle, if you’re missing pieces, you’re never going to be able to see the whole picture. When only one viewpoint of a controversy or situation is presented it’s not always easy to distinguish the idea as the whole picture, or merely a piece to the puzzle. The ABR says, â€Å"While teachers are and should be free to pursue their own findings and perspectives in presenting their views, they should consider and make their students aware of other viewpoints,† allowing students to decide for themselves what to believe. After all, what value is your opinion if it’s really only the opinion of somebody else? I’ve found that in today’s world many students, including myself, come into college with very little political knowledge, let alone a firm political stance. College for many is a place to explore and develop a better understanding of politics, and eventually establish a more concrete stance. Professors, many viewed as experts of their subjects, are often looked up to by students and have a great influence on many of them. When professors constantly preach bias political opinions or philosophies to students, they’re bound to have an effect. It’s a major concern that without regulations of the ABR in place some professors, from both sides of the spectrum, might knowledgably be taking advantage of the influence they have on these young minds. In a sense these professors could be robbing students, intentionally or unintentionally, of their right to learn and freedom to choose. Political and Religious bias however, extends much farther than professors prematurely influencing students in the classroom. Many students have also expressed worries concerning the merit of professors grading due to opposing political or religious outlooks. Sharon Schuman narrates several of likely hundreds of cases like this in her article; â€Å"Picked on by the Prof.† She describes one student, Marissa Freimanis, of Cal State Long Beach, who’s perfect GPA was blemished after clashing political ideologies with an English professor. These types of instances shouldn’t be tolerated by universities. The ABR deems, â€Å"students will be graded solely on the basis of their reasoned answers and appropriate knowledge of the subjects and disciplines they study, not on the basis of their political or religious beliefs.† After all, a universities purpose is to oversee and help students grow and develop both intellectually and as individuals in order to succee d in life. To do this successfully its necessary universities implement the ABR to give students somewhere to turn to, and a system to help resolve these types of stressful situations. Perhaps the most astonishing and blunt display of liberal bias in today’s academic world is that of Ward Churchill, University of Colorado ethnic-studies professor. In early 2005 news broke that the professor had written an essay, comparing victims of the September 11 terrorist attack to Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. â€Å"The specter of the long-haired, chain-smoking, research-faking, America-bashing Mr. Churchill molding impressionable young minds turned Mr. Horowitz’s pet project into a national sensation almost overnight. Suddenly, it became difficult to argue that liberal bias on campus was the product of an overheated right-wing imagination,† states Valerie Richardson in her article â€Å"Academic Manifesto Takes Root.† The case of Ward Churchill may be an extreme one, but nonetheless proves indefinitely and undeniably that biased professors do in fact exist today. However, despite these displays there are still those who argue that attempting to interpret the true intentions of a professor isn’t a realistic possibility, and surely isn’t something worth wasting time debating over. Some might even still say there is no issue here at all, that these are simply stories, crafted by the minds of angry conservative students. However, even imagining that being true, most would still agree with the principle of the matter; it would be wrong and unfair if a professor were to base student’s grade upon their political or religious beliefs. That being said, would it really hurt to implement the ABR as a precaution? If these situations are in fact unreal, the new principles wouldn’t affect anyone in a negative way, and at the same time would put those concerned conservative students at ease. Although primarily focused on creating greater academic environments and opportunities for students, Horowitz’ ABR also touches on and strongly values that an equal playing field is given to professors as well. This stresses that professor’s religious or political ideologies aren’t taken into any consideration when decisions are being made. The ABR states that â€Å"all faculty shall be hired, fired, promoted and granted tenure on the basis of their competence and appropriate knowledge in the field of their expertise.† This not only insures that faculty is treated and administered equally, but furthermore that the quality of professors remains at the highest standards. Horowitz’s ABR has the power to enrich the education and academic achievement at any university. It’s essential to the success of universities that the principles of intellectual pluralism and academic freedom come to be highly valued and respected once again. The ABR allows these two principles to coexist by creating open and safe academic standards and environments for students. In days like these with so many beginning to become concerned with professors, universities can’t afford to ignore this innovative document. Research Papers on Academic Bill of Rights; David HorowitzStandardized TestingAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentTwilight of the UAW

Asians And Census 2000 Essays - Organization Of Chinese Americans

Asians And Census 2000 Essays - Organization Of Chinese Americans Asians And Census 2000 There are numerous reasons why full participation is in the Census 2000 is important to the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities. The estimated undercount of the Asian Pacific Islander community in 1990 was 2.3%. Because census data is the basis for almost all demographic information used by policy makers, educators, and community leaders, undercounted communities miss out on their fair share of federal funding for services, adequate governmental representation, and enforcement of civil rights laws that prevent discrimination. An undercount prevents government and other agencies from planning for and implementing culturally and linguistically appropriate services for the Asian Pacific Islander community. (U.S. Census Bureau) Unfortunately, the Asian Pacific Islander community is at risk for a high undercount in the upcoming census. Undercounts tend to be high in communities in which there are language barriers, resistance to outsiders, suspicion of government, disbelief of census confidentiality, non-traditional household living arrangements, irregular housing, large numbers of children, large proportions of renters, and among people or families who are highly mobile. (U.S. Census Bureau) One important reason for full participation by Asian American and Pacific Islander communities is the need for adequate governmental representation. Reapportionment occurs after every census, which is when political districts are reconfigured to reflect changes in the population. When Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are not counted, they are not assigned the correct number of representatives. It is important that they have a voice in the government. There is a need for political empowerment among the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities, and that can happen only when there is accurate representation, which is the result of an accurate census count. Another important reason for the full participation of Asian American and Pacific Islander communities is the need for community funding. Hundreds of billions of dollars in federal, state, and county funding are allocated each year on the basis of census information. This money is used to support schools, employment services, housing assistance, hospital services, programs for the elderly and disabled, child care, substance abuse prevention, battered womans shelters, and transportation. If there is not an accurate count, the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities will lose out on millions of dollars for community funding. Census information is also used to identify areas that require assistance in languages other than English. For example, it is used to determine whether bilingual material is needed during elections. It also helps government agencies serve the needs of limited English proficient people in education, health care, police and emergency services. This is very important for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders that speak a language other than English, especially in terms of bilingual voting documents, which allow them to participate in the political process. Fortunately, many efforts are being made to ensure that Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are not undercounted in the next census. An Asian Pacific Islander Census 2000 Task Force was formed to organize community education around Census 2000. Community education materials are being translated into the numerous Asian Pacific Islander languages. Bilingual enumerators are being recruited to reach out to non-responding households. These proactive measures will help ensure a more accurate count for Census 2000, which will greatly benefit the Asian American and Asian Pacific Islander communities.

The theology of St. Luke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The theology of St. Luke - Essay Example The other significant features include the proper usage of vocabulary, context, the geographical backdrop and the historical settings. We delve into each one of these here. The study of Luke’s theology has been seen in quite an interesting manner over a period of considerable time and one can easily manifest the energy and dynamism attached with it. However there have been a number of treatises which have been made with regards to Luke and one such is the work, though done in a creative fashion by Conzelmann. There has been a lot of discussion related with the purpose of writing down the Gospel and the Acts as well as the extent and importance of the editing that has been made with the passage of some time2. The historical reliability lies solely on the shoulders of the author and the theological tendencies are something to be spoken about in a free and fair manner. Conzelmann makes this as a point whereby the statement is made in relation to Luke’s purpose which was nothing but to ensure the salvation of historical times is made in a sequential yet tactful manner. Add to that, Marshall analyzes this in the light of a similar feeling wher e the notion is related with the salvation in its own right indeed. Some have suggested that there is an apologetic tone attached with the very same while there are others who attach a theological motive with it. The apologetic motive is made in the form of the defense of Christianity for either a single reason or for another purpose altogether while on the other hand the theological motive is somewhat related with the identity of God’s people. Therefore an evaluation of Luke’s work in terms of whether or not the same serves a specified purpose largely depends on the rationale that is made on a person’s assessment where different matters are kept in close check nonetheless. All of these form up to result in

Group Discussion Pocess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group Discussion Pocess - Essay Example This is basically because I got an opportunity to not only read about different views from various students but also to retain more as well as learn much better. This was a unique group as compared to the others that I have attended before. For instance we would sometimes discuss ideas on online forum and at other times we would just leave our messages and wait for the other members’ response. I could also leave messages and later on find responses from the rest of the members. Sharing as well as free discussing of information was also a common feature of this group. This experience is definitely relevant to group work in organizations since we learnt and shared a lot as a group about team work .Thus, each member in a group was tasked with a certain responsibility to perform and given a timeline. This is something very important since it teaches an individual the importance of discipline as well as responsibility; two great values in group work in any organization. It does not really matter to the group that it is an online class, since we were able to not only accomplish our set goals but also communicated and coordinated well; just like in the conventional groups. It’s all about knowing your role in the group and what you are supposed to do and at what time. Group work in an online class can be improved by setting clear goals to be met by individuals in the group, setting adequate time especially when all group members are available and making sure there are no disruptions to internet access. Finally, the discussion atmosphere ought to be responsible as well as supportive of all group members. It was really a great learning opportunity, very applicable in my

UK Mobile Phone Segment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

UK Mobile Phone Segment - Coursework Example This essay discusses that the shifts in the segment have been heavily influence and impacted by the development and popularity of smart phones that have changed the dynamics of the mobile phone segment from a portable communications alternative from landlines, to one that includes a social (text messaging, social networking), bill pay and organisational devices with exceptional on the go email connectivity, multifunctional medium whereby smart phones resemble miniature computers in terms of capabilities. The nuisances of the industry that are noteworthy is that in 2010 mobile phone connections, meaning calls made, increased with smart phones, SMS messaging and tablet SIM cards contributing 80 percent to that growth. The near saturation of the market in terms of mobile phone placements means that price and package bundling competition has heated up as the means to retain, and gain new subscribers. In equating the industry sector a PEST Analysis provides insight regarding the environme nt mobile telecom companies in the UK operate under. It aids in understanding the relevant trends by looking at the Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. Under a PEST Analysis, a scan of the overall general industry environment from a long-term perspective aids in understanding broad based trends. In ascertaining the overall Political climate with regard to regulations in the United Kingdom as represented by the mobile telecom sector, the arena has been stabile. ... mobile messaging as a result of smart phones and the trending toward a younger subscriber profile represented key factors in the revenue changes and changing face of the UK mobile telecom sector. Figure 4 – Mobile Messaging Volumes (Ofcom, 2011, p. 282) Â   As indicated, the growth in popularity of smart phones was responsible for the above: Â   Figure 5 – UK Smart Phone Sales (Ofcom, 2008, p. 210) Â   The shift from landlines to mobile services took off in 1998 as shown by the following: Â   Figure 6 – UK Telecom Industry Retail Revenue (Ofcom, 2008, p. 198) Â   As a result of heightened competition, mobile telecom service cost to subscribers has converged to the point where the cost is comparable to fixed line costs: Â   Figure 7 – Comparison of Average Fixed and Mobile Voice Call Services (Ofcom, 2011, p. 302) Â   The preceding figures reinforce the point that the industry has become price sensitive, thus explaining the rationale behind the merge r that created Everything Everywhere. Â   Market Structure In equating the industry sector a PEST Analysis provides insight regarding the environment mobile telecom companies in the UK operate under. It aids in understanding the relevant trends by looking at the Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors (marketingteacher.com, 2009). Under a PEST Analysis, a scan of the overall general industry environment from a long-term perspective aids in understanding broad based trends (netMBA, 2009). In ascertaining the overall Political climate with regard to regulations in the United Kingdom as represented by the mobile telecom sector, the arena has been stabile. The actions of consumer groups have raised issues represented by the method of calculating call termination procedures they state are overcharging consumers

Causes of the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Causes of the French Revolution Essay The French Revolution of 1789 consisted of many aspects which led to the movement. Both long-term and immediate causes bequeathed to its triumph. The Enlightenment bestowed a new concept of government and society. America also influenced the nation’s controversial revolt. Many actions contributed to the French Revolution of 1789; according to an excerpt from Travels in France by Arthur Young. (Document 1) Observations made by this traveler from the years 1787 to 1789 encompass the immense taxing on those who were not nobles, the increased price of bread; making the peoples’ purchase of the resource inevitable and the insane prices of feudal dues. According to Document 2, a diagram of the three estates in 1789, the relationship between the percentage of the population in each estate and the percentage of the land owned showed that the larger the population the more the land owned on the estate; primarily focused toward the third estate. Inequitable circumstances subsisted in pre-revolutionary France, entailing the third estate facing much more of the taxes and fees than the other estates. In Document 3, excerpts from the cahiers listed the following demands made by the third estate in the French government: reform of abuse and tyranny, equal taxation amongst all classes, taxes granted for a limited period, and votes taken per person within assembly. Another cause of the French Revolution of 1789 as expressed by Lord Acton was due to the American influence. He suggested that the ideas of philosophers were not the cause of the epidemic, but that it was the contemplation provided by the Declaration of Independence. (Document 5) The following actions contributed to the success of the French movement. Each cause led to the uproar of the third estate that caused them to revolt. The documents mentioned above are verification of the involved causes. The causes led to an ambitious fight for rights resulted in what we know as the French Revolution of 1789.

Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

Insomnia How many times during the night do we toss and turn, check the clock, and find it ticking away and tell ourselves, "If I could fall asleep right now I would get at least five hours of sleep"? But, sleep doesn't come so we continue to toss and turn. This happens to many people and may suffer from a disorder known as insomnia. People who suffer from this disorder have many complaints, and many have similar symptoms. Symptoms can vary from stress to pain to always feeling tired. Insomnia is a very difficult disease to have to live with. It is hard for both those that suffer from it and their family members. According to Linde and Savaley's, The Sleep Book, (1974), "the person who has trouble sleeping is not alone" (p. 9). They also claim, "An estimated thirty million people suffer from chronic insomnia" (p.9). Many non-insomniacs have occasional periods when they wonder if they'd make it through a sleepless night. Many insomniacs can't fall asleep because of pain and discomfort. Those that can fall asleep but can't stay asleep might be caused from depression, or too many things to worry about. In Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978) some causes of insomnia (p. 113). He states that pain and discomfort do indeed play an important part in the difficulty remaining asleep. For those having difficulty remaining asleep might be because of depression or having too much to worry about. In Linde and Savary's, The Sleep Book (1974), Dr. Dale C. Friend claims, "insomnia can be classified by four causes: tension, fatigue, discomfort, and in and out insomnia" (p. 100). Tension insomnia occurs mostly in executives or people who worry about their businesses. Tension builds up inside during the day and is still inside at bedtime, it won't come out, so they tend to worry and are not able to go tot sleep. Fatigue insomnia happens when people who get tired during the day and then they take a nap in the early afternoon and as a result they cannot go to sleep at bedtime. People suffering from discomfort insomnia often complain of stomach upsets, such as ulcers, toothaches, or arthritis. This causes them to wake up during the night, which gives them discomfort. In and out insomnia occurs when patients feel that they didn't sleep at all during the night when they really did, but only stayed in the first stages of light sleep ... ... our minds and ourselves. We need to exercise right, at appropriate times, sleep at the right time and never get ourselves so stressed out that we can't sleep at night. Insomnia can affect a person really fast and it's hard to get rid of this disorder without a lot of effort. If we follow the advice given here, we will have an easier life. References Eddy, M.; & Walbroehl, G. (1999) Practical therapeutics : insomnia. American Academy of Family Physicians [Online] Expanded Academic Index. Available www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com Hartmann, E. (1978). The sleeping pill. New Haven and London: Yale university press Linde, S.; & Savary, L. (1974) The sleep book New York NY: Harper and Row Mendelson, W.B. (1977). Human sleep and it's disorders New York NY: Plenum Press President and Fellows of Harvard College (1998, Dec. 1). Insomnia: Get a good nights sleep. Harvard health letter [Online] Expanded Academic Index Available.www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com Roberts, S. (1999, April 1) Ten tips for better sleep. American family physicians p.1911(1). [Online] Expanded Academic Index. Available. www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com

Drug Pricing and Competition Issues in India Through Dpco and Cdcso Activites

Introduction Drug pricing is a complex phenomena. Different countries have different methodologies of pricing such as Germany has reference based pring. Canada has system of fixing pricing of patented drugs. India fix the prices of prescription drugs on the basis of cost of the drug. Cost is the main phemomena iin the pricing policies of the drugs. Pricing is important aspect of competition law also. But competition commission is not a price control agency. However price based anti-competitive practices are important area in competition law. DRUG REGULATORY REGIME IN INDIA Indian drug regulatory regime is devided in two branches.Drug standards and marketing is dealt by CDCSO and drug pricing is controlled by NPPA. The CDSCO prescribes standards and measures for ensuring the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs, cosmetics, diagnostics and devices in the country; regulates the market authorization of new drugs and clinical trials standards; supervises drug imports and approves licence s to manufacture the drugs. The process for drug approval entails the coordination of different departments, in addition to the DCGI, depending on whether the application in question is for a biological drug or one based on recombinant DNA technology.The issues relating to patent are dealt by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI), who heads the Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO), assumes responsibility for the amendments to the Acts and Rules. Other major related Acts and Rules include the Pharmacy Act of 1948, The Drugs and Magic Remedies Act of 1954 and Drug Prices Control Order (DPCO) 1995 and various other policies instituted by the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals. PRICING REGULATION IN INDIA The drug prices are regulated under Essential Commodities Act 1955.It is administered by Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. The prices of drugs are fixed under the Section 3 of Essential Commodities Act 1955. National list of essential medicines is prepared under this Act. The prices are controlled according to Drug Price Order 1995. It employs Cost Based formula of drug pricing. In India Drug manufacturing, standards and marketing is done under Drug and Cosmetics Act 1940. There are Drug and cosmetics rule 1945 to assist and provide procedure for the assisiting the Act. NPPA has been reguaslting the drug pricing since 1997.It fixes the prices of essential drugs. The list of essential medicines is updated at regular intervals. As mentioned earlier, pricing policy and industry regulation constitutes one of the key responsibilities of the NPPA. Price control on medicines was first introduced in India in 1962 and has subsequently persisted through the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO). As per the directive of NPPA, the criterion for price regulation is based on the nature of the drug in terms of whether it enjoys mass consumption and in terms o f whether there is lack of adequate competition for the drug.The year 1978 witnessed selective price controls based on disease burden and prevalence. The list of prices under DPCO subsequently witnessed a gradual decrease over a period of time. Around 80% of the market, with 342 drugs, was under price control in 1979. The number of drugs under DPCO decreased from 142 drugs in 1987 to 74 in 1995. Drugs with high sales and a market share of more than 50% are subjected to price regulation. These drugs are referred to as scheduled drugs. The NPPA also regulates the prices of bulk drugs. The MRP excise on medicines was levied by the Finance ministry in 2005.The objective was to increase revenue and lower prices of medicines by using fiscal deterrent on MRP. This change may have had some impact in terms of magnifying the advantage to industries located in the excise free zones. This also succeeded in attracting some small pharmaceutical firms to these zones. (Gehl Sampath 2008, Srivastava 2008). General objective and scope of price regulation in India the general objective of price regulation India is to regulate the equitable distribution and increasing supply of bulk drugs and formulations in india and making it available in india. Consequences of excessive pricingImpact of price regualation on indian drug pricing Coverage of drugs in India Prices of formulations based on scheduled bulk drugs are fixed in two ways: (i) based on applications of the manufacturers and (ii) on suo-motu basis. As per para 8 (2) of Drug (Prices Control) Order (DPCO), 1995, a manufacturer using scheduled bulk drug in his formulation is required to apply for fixation of price of formulation within 30 days of fixation of price of such bulk drug (s). Applications received in NPPA from manufacturers in Form III and importers in Form IV of DPCO are considered for price fixation.As per para 8(4), the time frame for granting price approval on formulation is 2 months from the date of receipt of the complete information from the company. 2. Pricing and Competition Issues 3. NPPA pricing methodology a. DPCO 1995 b. National Drug Pricing Policy 2002 c. National Drug Pricing Policy 2006 Director General (Investigation and Registration) Vs. Fulford India Ltd. Ishaan Labs (P) Ltd v Union of India Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs. Parke Davis India Ltd. And Ors. MANU/MR/0039/2003, I(2004)CPJ15(MRTP) Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs.Pfizer Ltd. MANU/MR/0008/1999 (2000)1complj405(MRTPC) Director-General (Investigation And Registration) Vs. Zandu Pharmaceutical Works Ltd. MANU/MR/0012/1994, [1994]81compcas377(NULL). Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Biddle Sawyer Ltd. On 11/7/2001 Director General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Infar (India) Limited On 24/8/1999 Director-General (I & R) Vs All India Organisation Of Chemists And Druggists And Ors. On 1/7/1996 Director-General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Indian Dr ugs Manufacturers Association And Anr.On 16/8/1991 Director-General (Investigation And Registration) Vs Indian Drugs Manufacturers Association And Anr. On 16/8/1991 1992 73 Compcas 663 NULL Mars Therapeutics & Chemicals Ltd. V. The Union Of India & Anr W. P. (C) 10277/2009 & Cm Appl 8853/2009 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited V. Union Of India Union Of India & Anr. Vs. Cynamide India Ltd. & Anr. 1987 Air 1802, 1987 Scr (2) 841 4. Canadian Patented Medicine Prices Review Board Legal Framework Policies Guidelines and Procedures Submissions by Patentees on Level of Therapeutic Improvement Comparable Dosage Forms Therapeutic Class Comparison TestReasonable Relationship Test Median International Price Comparison Test Highest International Price Comparison Test International Therapeutic Class Comparison Test Application of Price Tests for New Drug Products CPI-Adjustment Methodology DIP Methodology Criteria for Commencing an Investigation â€Å"Any Market† Price Reviews Offset of Excess Revenues Updates to the Compendium of Policies, Guidelines and Procedures ICN Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Canada (Patented Medicine Price Review Board) [1996] F. C. J. No. 1065 Shire Biochem Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General [2007] F. C. J. No. 1688 Conclusion

Upstream Teacher’s Book

:, . : l, I r. trrtr. r, tli ‘ i l 1 , :l t .:'1, i rl i l r i i l i l l i r i l . I -,) i i † i, i r i l i l. -L:VEil-iil'i-llUp,c'iireatrn Bl1+r:i Frnlotllii,sliar:-. el;olrdernl-ie-‘rlell t-tl,vel ectr::l'se1iol'letalrnerr: o,,i iiiileLEil(. ltir-sh l;†-. rllt,uu,U,:r â€Å"Bi†lieveri†Ã¢â‚¬ u'he a;iieii:l: seii'le-:s;,cpnnhnne. isE:rrt]jE,slr acii[†rriearl'lrilr'lg iavarit:tli o'f lffivef5l vyiiih p,'i:! ren'ted linernilced] uo6r,. ies lLnr unlits, [‘ir+v[jealiuil'er: † † n o o o o . , . ‘ rrar';et†y aultllerriiic li. hemc-lcels*el fl'*rrt a ‘†qrlde ul'li'cs, c'rl in {‘lve sol-,:r†ces, m*nluie:; ‘,lr:pies fi r,rariei: r:r†*ss.Anyway, we still had a great eveningand came away with the best impression. If you everget the chance to seeAlsou in concert, you should definitely go. Have you heard her new album? Wite soon and tell me what you think of it. Love, Alex (Para 3) what you liked and why tl l Introduction (Para 1) {ireetings. ‘t easons. fbr wuiliwg (Pan 2) singer/band you went to see (Pan 4) what you didn't like and why (Para 5) Conclusion recommendation b. Read letteragain. the WhatdidAlexlike/dislike aboutthe concert? Whatreasons/examples aregiven to support each viewpoint? (See Suggested Answers Section) 50 Replace underlined the adjectives adverbs the letterwith the following. and in oentertainingfabulous modern . . . wildly . complex heavenly upset. latest . . (See Suggested Answers Section) (1-4) Read extracts the belowthat review various events. in the missing Fill topic (A-D), sentences thensuggest othersuitable ones yourown. of (See Suggested Answers Section) -re opening nightof the Moscow State Circus in 3lasgow a huge was success. -he FarnboroughShow a bighitagain Air this was r'-cdf. 5 TherevieWpremiere that it was one of said the bestproductions the year. f 6 lt was sucha predictable/[email  protected] that shewasgivena standin g ovation 7 TomHanks received oraise hisrole/actor for in Forrest Gump. 8 The routinesand the positioning the of dancers stage are the responsibility a on of pher conductor/choreoq ra wassoimpressed the performance with I wentto cn Friday. have never to anything boring allmylife! in been so 6 Match items(1-5)to the nouns(a-e). famous frlm/television / live/studio/solo big/small/silver children's/fantasy / best-selling a b c d screen performance novel film ,it :roreographedIn my opinion, is definitely horror silent feature / / . lEId-l . ,,',t :ut – there was nevera dull moment. The :'ogramme was well-arranged and well_ i ro m ffi m . i e actor l I + 4 -he new exhibition had nothingto capturemy ‘nagination. I stronglydisagree with the critic ‘highly ,vho wrote, I originaland entertaining' . nink complete the opposite true! is lm[uaffi r#w$eMf$ -iie ringmaster an excellent had of sense humour :rd the crowd enjoyedthe spectacular show. In â€Å"ry opinion, the highl ight the whole evening of ,,,'as when the monkeys escaped the crowd! into n Backg round information ‘1989 Theexhibition/theatre openedin Thedance company/band formedin 2001 . earand takes The Air Show runseverysecond p l a c en . . i Descriptions Thesoundsystem was excellent. Thevenue hadgreatfacilities. The lyrics were greaVpredictable. Thelighting wassuperb/dreadful. Thecastwassuperb/amazing/very talented. General comments/opinion Don'tmiss itl It'swell worth seeing/going to. You really mustsee/go/listen it. to D r , W e . * ‘ e r , r i † ‘ : ‘ ‘ $ Underline correct the word. 1 Shakespearesometimes used plots/ programmes ancient plays from Greek Even though I don't usuallygo to see blockbusters/multiplex, I reallylovedMission lmpossible. Tolright, ballerinaSylvie Guillem will be appearing/peform! y the role of Clara in The Nutcracker. The success a playcomesdown to a good of script/lyric and a good director. Yourturn 7 ‘gn Using language t he above, writea letterto a you friendreviewing something attended (e. 9. recently art exhibition/the opening a of (100-120 newvenue a concert) or words). Use the ideas belowaswellasyourown. (See Suggested Answers Section) . name/time/olace of evento cost o whatyouliked it about . whatyoudidn't about like it . final thouohts recommendation and 51 All in a day's work Vocabulary Practice Jobs people for a living? Whatdo these do Lookat pictures underline correct the and the worc. dentify jobs from the descriptions what the of the peopledo. ptlar 1 Thisperson flies aerop,anes. yourcarto thisperson be repaired 2 Youtake to mechanic 3 This person takes care of sick animals veterinarian Thisperson works in an officetyping letters answering phone the andarranging meetings secretary This personwill help you investmoney i† companies. stockbroker Thisperson controls movements aircraft the of airtrafficcontroller This persondesigns pagesfor the Internet. web-designer 8 Youpaymoney thispe rson a shopor bank to in teller 9 Thispersonhelpschildren and families whc haveproblems. ocial worker 10 Thisperson giveyou the keyto your hote will room. deskclerk/receptionist Complete the exchanges with verbsfrom the list. o promote . apply o dismiss retire . resign o 1 A: So,areyou goingto apply the job? for B: No. I don'tthinkl'm suitably qualified it. for 1 doctor/ scientist 3 librarianteacher / 4 carpenterplumber / 2 A: lan is goingto resign. B: Really? Why? job. A: He'sfounda better-paid 3 A: lf this projectis successful, manager my will promote me. B : G o o dl u c k ! 4 A: l've stillgot sixyears aheadof me beforeI retrre. B : H a n g nt h e r e l i 5 A: I've heardthat the company will dismiss peoplenext month. everal B: Oh, no. Any ideawho? 4 Fill thecorrect in response thelist. from o . o . Somehodv thesack. nnt Let's it a day. call going, The wayshe's She's workinq been around clock. the 1 A: I can'tworkanymoretonight; very I'm tired. B: Soam l. Let's it a day. call 2 A: lt'smidnight and Ritaisstillat the office. rired. nals . TATq 7 Cross oddoneout asin the example. the 1 2 3 4 5 6 salary, wages,}kWpay gain, earn, win,ftd profession @*Frâ‚ ¬rc, job, career, under-paid, poorly @+-Fd-d, paid, overuyorked boring, repetitive Eeatr4[uninteresting, business, uDise*qf! , industry, companyB: What's going on? She'sbeen working around clock. the 3 A: Didyou hear what happened morning? this B: Letme guess. got Somebody the sack. 4 A: Didyou seewhat Katedid thismorning? B: Yes,I did. Theway she is goingshe'llget fired. Ings. )y In :raft. rnet. )ank. who lotel 5 Complete text with phrases the fromthe list. Youmayhave change formof the verbs. to the . workovertime beherownboss workfor . . . a successful . career workfromhome . beemployed setup . self-employed . Phrasalverbs 8 Fillin: go, corry, put,fall,look. 1 A: Can you please put me throughto Mrs Lucas? please.B: Justa minute, 2 A: I can't remember what time my meetingis IOmOrrow. B: Why don'tyou lookthro ugh yournotes? 3 A: Mike,if you carry this project throught'll promote you to headof the department. B: l'll do my best, sir. 4 A: Why are you so upset? Thingscan't be that bad at work. B: You say that becauseyou don't know what I haveto go throughevery day. 5 A: He'safraidthat his olansto start his own business fallthrough. will B: lt'snatural himto feelthiswav. for he n ) rr it. Sheila has 1)a successful career with a large ocsmetics company where she 2) has been miinloyedas a senior marketingmanagerfor the threeyears. es,t Although she is quitesatisfied with iltner she sometimes feels that her work is not 1ob, mtroreciated, especiallywhen she has to 3) work ur*'srtirne. is now thinkingof 4) setting up her She mmnr business that she can 5) be her own boss. so Sl'reilila thinksthat she would be happier6) working vt:ri'rhome,even though she accepts that people lt[ldr-rto 7) self-employed are less secure than are tltqrse who 8) work for a largecompany. 6 Choose bestwordto complete jo b the the adverts. ‘il[@ havea 1) vacancv/space a young, for dynamic lager nnd hard-working studenVgraduate lead our 2) to pawing sales forcein the London you area. eader As ,ffi,ril responsible 3) team/group he for development and 4,|educationtraining and you will 5) reply/repo[ ffrrectly thecompany to Sales Director. Do youwilling work6) changes/shifts? youenjoy to lFe 7) happiness/satisfaction challenging of solving problems/questions Sl without9)control/Supervi5ion] are you 10) oractical/handy? you have a Do ‘yes' 11) licence? youcananswer to lf deanltiOy driver's questions, we would to hear fromyou. tr:ese like then Nord Formation 9 Complete sentences thecorrect the with word derived thewords bold. from in 1 Thepolitician gavea verydistorted version of even$.DISTORT 2 He admittedthat the government had made someveryregrettable mistakes. REGRET 3 The prime minister promisedto be more to responsive complaints the future. in RESPOND She thanked her husbandfor his cari ng supportat a verydifficult time. CARE The ministerresignedbecausehis position was no longer defendable DEFEND rtt{,ttfh 300storesnotionwideBookWorldis now over fnrnly estoblished the No,l bookshop the UK, os in lf idou ore 12)sfimuloled/molivoled, commified, trS) ombitious/rulhless enjoysucceeding on ond in exciting fost-poced work 14)locotion/environmenl, we wont youl No previous15) skill/expeliengE rcquired,WE WANT YOU 53 Grammar Use in Conditionals Replace with r,vhen if where possible. 1 .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. lf thisdoesn't work. he'llbe in trouble. 2 when lf he is in a bad mood. it is betterto stayaway 3 .. . †¦.. lf you don't havetime today, you can finishthe reporttomorrow. 4 when lf l'm tired. I can'tconcentrate all. at 5 when lf Jason for asks a raise, he'llget it for sure A: What'swrong? B: l'm runninglate. lf I don't get (noVget) thereon time, the meetingwill start (start) withoutme. A: Why aretheseflowers Jane's on desk? B: lt's her birthday. (remember), A: Oh no. lf I remembered (buy) her a present, I would havebought too.A: Thisis a beautiful neighbourhood. (find)a flat for rent here, B: I agree. I find lf I will move(move)in right away. A: Why is Peterso stressed out? B: He has a meeting with the marketing manager. Wheneverthey meet (meet), theyend (end)up having argument. an 7 A: Unless Liamshows(show)up in the next fiveminutes, Johnson firing(fire)him. Mr is B: Oh, no. ls he lateagain? 8 A : Youhaven't saida word all morning. B : l'm verybusywith this report. You know,I would finish(finish)it fasterif you hel (help)me. A: No oroblem. 2 Match the phrases to phrases to make 1-8 a-h full sentences. m m m m m H Etr lf Johnhadgot up ten minuteslater, asses French Unless Yvonne her exams, job, lf Paul found a better-paid lf Mr Black calls, Unless Katefinishes letters 5 pm, the by lf you seeFrank, lf Bobhadn'tbeenso nervous, lf Jane's colleagues were morefriendly, Etr a she'llhaveto do someovertime b he would havedonebetterat the interview. c han s out tosether outside the };:†-r,O d he would resign the spot. on e he would havemissed bus. the f askhim aboutanyvacancies the company. in I shewon't get into university. h tell him I'm out for lunch. Wishes 4 Read what the mansays make and sentences asin the example. 1 | don't havetime to meetJacktoday.I wishllfonlyI had timeta meet JGCktad6y. 2 | can'ttake anydaysoff work thisweek. I wish/lfonly I could take some days off thisweek. 3 | lostmy passport. I wish/lf onlyI hadn'tlostmy passport. I didn't followyouradvice. I wish/lf onlv I had followed your advice. l'm very stressed out. I don't know how to relax I wish/lfonly I knew how to relax. am so stressed I out. I didn't know Marywasin town. I wish/lfonlyI had knownthat Marywas in town. 3 Puttheverbs brackets the correct in into tense to complete exchanges. the 1 A : Do youthinkI should apply thisjob? for (be) you, I would apply (apply) B : lf I were right away. A : Congratulations your promotion. on you! lf I get (get) t he job, I won't B : Thank (leave) company. leave the 54 7 | don't haveanyfriends. I wish/lfonly I hadsomefriends 8 | ate too much. I feelsick. I wish/lf onlyI hadn'teatentoo much. 4 She is going to write a coverletter. Shecan sendit with her CV. (to) She is going to write a coverletter to send with her CV. job. Shewants Shewantsto find a morning to. have moretimeto spend with herchildren. (in order to) job in orderto Shewantsto find a morning spend moretime with herchildren. Shehasboughta new suit. Shewantsto make a good impression interviews. s to) (so at Sheboughta new suitso as to makea good impression interviews. at Readthe letter and completethe exchanges using verbs their the in correct tense. N, I )ed )eor Steve, i'm sorrgobouttheotherdag. I wishl 1) hadbeen fre) here seegou. f ontggou2) totd(telDme to :tot UouwerecomLng earlier, 3) woutdhave | :langed (change) schedutel mg Thereason whg I wasn'thereis becouse decided I :i go to a conJerence. lt washeldin the most ;:nozingplo celI wishyou4 hadseen (see)it! | ion't meon thot it wasexcetlent because inJoctit was oppositel the Nothing seemed workproperLg to ;nd thespeokers wereterribLe. ishI 5) never I teord (heor)oJthe event. lt wosa comptete wasteof rnteondmoneg. Angwag,6) witttelt(tetD | gouotl sboutit the nexttlmeI7) see(see) gou. Which reminds when gouthinkgouwittbe me, do L,n town agoLn? l 8) were(be) you,l 9) wouldwrlte IJ (write)a date[n gourdiary now. If gou10) sent kend) methe inJormotion email. , I promise bg then I (bd here, not running to sittg 1l) woutdbe ond olf conJerences! A[tthe best, -nrls Sentence transformations 7 Complete second the sentence that it so means same the first. Useno morethan the as threewords. Celiais upsetbecause didn't get the job she at the advertising agency.Celia wishesshe had got the job at the advertising agency. She is savingmoney because she wants to attenda seminar. Sheissaving moneyso asto attenda seminar. lf she doesn't attendthis seminatshewon't be considered the job. for She won't be considered the job if she for doesnot attendthis seminar. Shecan't moveout because can't afford she to payrent. lf she could afford to pay rent, she would moveout. She didn't take her brother'sadviceso she didn'tfinda job in London. lf she had taken her brother'sadvice,she would have found a iob in London. Clauses purpose of 5Join pairs sentences thewords the of using in brackets, in theexample. as 1 Faye wantsto find anotherjob. Shewantsto (in havea biggersalary. order to) Fayewantsra find anather in arderta hsvea jab bigger sulary. Shearranged seeher manager. wanted to She to askfor a pay increase. (with a view to) Shearranged seeher manager to with a view to asking a payincrease. for Sheis updating CV. Shecan useit to apply her for a new job. (so that) Sheis updating CV so that shecan useit her to applyfor a new job Reading (1-4) all looking newjobs. Read a. Thepeople are for theirdescriptions underline keywords. nd the Michael has had severalwell paid jobs. Now, he wouldliketo use his psychology degreein a job that he people's can improve lives. Geoff has always liked making things to entertainhis children. Sincelosinghis job as a. teacher he has been lookingfor a way to turn his hobbyinto a career. Susan first noticedher flair for writingwhen she won a creative writing competition at school. However, career a poetis not her as going verywellandshe must a find newjobto paythe bills. Brookeis currently workingin an publishing office for a company, but she dreamsof a lessordinary life.She wants to explore new places and help protect the environment. (A-F) b. Read job advertisements anddecide the whichjob wouldbe the mostsuitable each person. for There two you don'tneed. are ^ – -: † @ rTour Guide – ExploreAlaskaLtd A lifeof adventure you awaits inAlaska. Explore Alaska is Ltd looking guides leadsmallgroups tourists for to of through the Alaskan wilderness to oromote and conservation the in area. No previous expe rience requiredas on-the-job is training be provided. will Applyin writing William to Seward, Explore AlaskaLtd, 3 Primrose Ketchikan, St, Alaska, AK 99950-3365.CardsWriter – Comic CardsLtd Can you say it with style? Comic Cards Ltd wants writers with wild and witty imaginations. Salaries are good for those who can come up with catchy lines and lots of laughs. Email John Keats at www. comiccards. co. uk. j G—Cu. egiver – Spring Lake Retreat Do you have the qualitiesto help people with mental illness lead rich and rewarding lives? Spring Lake Retreathas an excellent success rate in dealingwith mental illnessand we are lookingfor caregivers who can approachthose in need with respect. For further information Florence 01484627 895. call on ookingfor a trainedanimalpsychologist work with our to collectionof wild and exotic animals. ldeal candidates should have a degree in veterinary medicine and a backgroundin psychology. Applicationforms are available from HumanReso urces Dept,Dunstable Zoo, Bedfordshire, Toy Designer- Lullaby Toys Plc Film Extra – Talent Inc Wantto be in the movies? TalentInc is lookingfor peopleto takepafi in a Hollywood that is beingshot herein London. film The work requiresa great deal of waiting around. Although therecan be no guarantee you will appearin the finalfilm, that you may see yourself ne)d to a major star.For more information, callSandy on01292364 807. Want to bring a littlemagic into young lives? Lullaby Toys Plc is lookingfor an imaginative designer toy to expand our range of educationaltoys for children under7 yearsof age. The idealcandidateshouldhave experience toy designand a passion education. in for Tel. Jov Fischer 02646738 991. on (See Suggested Answers Section) ^l 4l E th to )y to )n /e n. Writing (a letter of appliration) Getting started 1 Read rubric underline key the and the words. Then,answerthe questions that follow. You have come acrossthe following job ad ;; g in the localnewspaper and you want to rpply for the job.Write your letter of ff † application. ‘*†Ã¢â‚¬ - â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬ - –‘ ii'l . b candrivea car @ takena coursein photography ,,. ,s1, @ good organiser e speak English German and f workedasa photographer for the school newspaper workedasa shopassistant *r,i:l;lZi2i and @ energetic sociable Let's look closer 2 Read application letters & B andwritethe A paragraph number nextto the headings the in listbelow. . . . o . opentng remarks/reason(s)for 41 writing closing remarks 45 age/qualifications/experienceA2 otherinformation A4 personal qualities ffi B1 85 82 84 83 fi il I Do you wantto get out and seethe world? ou Are interested photography? in lf yes,thenyou couldworkon a cruise ship! Weare looking a photographer for who'salways around to takememorable photos ourpassengers wellas of as developand sell the pictures. equipmentis All provided thecruise by line. lf interested, contact Elliot 089g-7g6756 via Mr on or , email at _. andwe willarrange a job interview. Portfolio necessary. DearManager, E What kind of letter do you haveto write? a letterof application 2 Who is goingto readyour letter? Mr Elliot 3 Should stylebe formalor informal? the formal 4 Tick( /) in the list of pointsbelowwhat yor. shouldinclude your letter: in . . . . . . yourfavourite subjects school at yourqualifications anyprevious experience a description yourappearance of your personal qualities yourplans the summer for What do you think the successful candidate should like? be a artistic @ friendly c canng In: a modelling @ adventurous @ sociable f sporty 6 Forthis job someone would needexperience to the W Hil l'vedecided dropyoua lineabout job you advertised thisweek's in online edition Ny of Magazine Teens. for student l,mquite and gooo at fu t ana 2O-year-old takingpictures.Two yearsago I took a one-yearcoursein photography and l,ve workeo as a photographer ourcollege for newspaper. worked l,ve part-time a shop as assistant a pho tostudio, I at too. wantto study photographyUEL some l,m at and day sure l'll work as a professional photographer for National Geographic. English German My and aren't badeither. p t haven't worked professionally before l,m but surel'd be goodat the job. I am veryfriendly and outgoing. I love travelling and seeingdifferent places. I canprovide reference in which Also, a letter previous my employer I'ma goodphotograpner says andthat youcancounton me.I canshowyoumy workanytimeyouwant. p* | won't be doinganything JulyandAugust. in We have holidays so I canworkwhenever our then youwant. p- Voucanget in touchwith meon 0g657345 or at [email  protected] com.. Let soon meknow ! Allthe best, /ro**a Laura Hirsch c workingwith youngchildren 7 What qualifications would someone need in orderto be considered this iob? for @ tatingpictures iear Mr Elliot, p I am writing to apply for the position of ;)r3tographer which was advertised this week's in :r ineed't'onof NY Magazine Teens. for p t am a 2O-year-old student. Two yearsago I iir3l